Breathing with oxygen

Cesium reacts with oxygen to produce a superoxide, Cs02, which reacts with CO, to produce oxygen and Cs,CO,. This reaction is used in a self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighters. What volume of oxygen (in liters at 298 K and 1.00 atm) is produced from 30.0 g of CsO, with an excess of CO, ... 

SF6 is a remarkably inert compound. In fact, it is so unreactive that it is used as a gaseous dielectric material. Also, the gas can be mixed with oxygen to create a kind of synthetic atmosphere, and rats can breathe the mixture for several hours with no ill effects. On the other hand, SF4 is a very reactive molecule that reacts with H20 rapidly and vigorously ... 

Certain Investigators, however, have expressed interest in the matter recently. The possibility that a history of asthma may increase the probability of an acute byssinotic reaction to cotton dust is suggested by a paper by Hamilton et al. ( ). The senior author of this paper had had asthma as a child. Promptly after exposure to the air in a dusty part of a cotton mill he exhibited pronounced shortness of breath with tightness in the chest and accompanying major temporary decreases in FEVi and arterial oxygen tension. The episode is described as "byssinosis". The authors remark It is unlikely that many textile workers with an initial response to cotton dust such as the one described here would remain working in dusty areas." Although the authors state that "It is not possible from the present study to conclude that a prior history of atopy confers sensitivity to cotton dust", the present writers were left with the impression that the authors suspect that such may be the case. 

L.C. Clark Jr., F. Gollan, Survival of mammals breathing organic liquids equilibrated with oxygen at atmospheric pressure. Science 152 (1966) 1755-1756. 

Oxidation The chemical process of combining a substance with oxygen. Rusting, bleaching, and even breathing are all forms of oxidation. 

Nitrous oxide decreases tidal volume and increases the rate of breathing and minute ventilation. Although arterial carbon dioxide partial pressures tend not to be affected the normal ventilatory responses to carbon dioxide and to hypoxia are depressed. Alveolar collapse in structured lung segments may be more rapid in the presence of nitrous oxide than with oxygen due to its greater solubility. Similarly, it depresses mucous flow and chemotaxis. In theory these factors predispose to postoperative respiratoiy complications. 

Infliximab intravenous infusions result in acute adverse infusion reactions in up to 10% of patients, but discontinuation of the infusion for severe reactions is required in less than 2%. Infusion reactions are more common with the second or subsequent infusions than with the first. Early mild reactions include fever, headache, dizziness, urticaria, or mild cardiopulmonary symptoms that include chest pain, dyspnea, or hemodynamic instability. Reactions to subsequent infusions may be reduced with prophylactic administration of acetaminophen, diphenhydramine, or corticosteroids. Severe acute reactions include significant hypotension, shortness of breath, muscle spasms, and chest discomfort such reactions may require treatment with oxygen, epinephrine, and corticosteroids. 

Inhalation may cause dizziness, headache, and nausea mixed with oxygen, it can have narcotic properties, but it is primarily an asphyxiant. Avoid breathing gas. 

Figure 23 Air-breathing microfluidic fuel cells showing the colaminar flow principle, in combination with oxygen capture via gas diffusion through a porous cathode A three-phase interface is established between gas, electrolyte, and catalyst/solid electrode (reprinted with permission from Jayashree et al., 2005. Copyright 2005 American Chemical Society).

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