Bottom-up assembly

This chapter provides a brief survey of work on bottom-up assembly of high-quality NW building blocks for various applications, ranging from nanoscale electronics and optoelectronics to large-area thin-film technologies. 

Figure 2.20 Cantilever fabrication based on both top-down fabrication and bottom-up assembly.109 (Reprinted with permission from F. Hua et al., Nano Lett. 2004, 4, 823-825. Copyright 2004 American Chemical Society.)...

Supramolecular Nanostructures of Phthalocyanines and Porphyrins at Surfaces Based on the Bottom-Up Assembly ... 

Semiconductor nanowires are nanoscale building blocks that could, through bottom-up assembly, enable diverse applications, principally in nanoelectronics, photonics and bio/chemical sensor field [52]. In comparison to spherical NPs, nanowires offer additional degrees of freedom in self-assembly due to their inherent shape anisotropy. Furthermore, the ability to synthesize particles with different... 

Fig 15.12 Schematic of silicon/carbon nanocomposite granule formation through hierarchical bottom-up assembly, (a-c). Annealed carbon-black dendritic particles (a) are coated by silicon nanoparticles (b) and then assembled into rigid spheres with open interconnected internal channels during C deposition (c) (Reprinted with permission from Magasinsld et al. [89]. Copyright 2010)... 

There are two central paradigms in nanofabrication top-down and bottom-up assembly. The ancient city of Petra remains a sublime example of top-down fabrication, chiseled into the face of the living rock by ancient craftsmen, who imprinted upon it an architectural vision of form and function. In contrast, the Pantheon, one of the many wonders of Ancient Rome, represents a remarkable example of the opposite approach to construction—from the bottom-up. Its stunning domed roof, still the largest structure of its kind in the world today, was formed from concrete—synthetic rock. However, its splendor required more than simply the ability to pour concrete it was the construction of complex timber formwork, guided by architectural vision, which enabled the elaborate coffering of the rotunda to be shaped. 

Yoshimoto S, Kobayashi N (2010) Supramolecular nanostructures of phthalocyanines and porphyrins at surfaces based on the bottom-up assembly . Struc Bond 135 137-168. doi 10.1007/978-3-642-04752-75... 

Yoshimoto S, Honda Y, Ito O, Itaya K (2008) Supramolecitlar pattern of fuHerene on 2D bimolecular chessboard consisting of bottom-up assembly of porphyrin and phthalocyanine molecules. J Am Chem Soc 130 1085-1092. doi 10.1021/ja077407p... 

The various steps in the bottom-up assembly of hierarchical surfaces is schematically shown in Figure 1. Clean silicon substrates were cleaved from polished wafers, covered with an approximately 2nm thick native oxide layer. Subsequently, silica sphere arrays were deposited by means of spincoating [16] (WS-400B-6NNP-lite Spin Coater, Laurell, USA). Further details are given elsewhere [17]. 

Liu J, Zou J, Zhai L (2009) Bottom-up assembly of poly(3-hexylthiophene) on carbon nanotubes 2d building blocks for nanoscale circuits. Macromol Rapid Commun 30 1387-1391... 

---