Bottling line sampling

In the case of bottling line samples, aseptically open bottle. It is recommended that the neck be thoroughly swabbed with 70% v/v alcohol prior to cork removal. Remove cork with minimal intrusion of outside air. Once cork has been removed, flame the neck area of bottle. 

Historically, fluorescence methods have suffered from interpretational difficulties. Distinction between viable and nonviable cells was not clear. When evaluated in wine, Meidell (1987) reports interference by preservatives, such as sorbic acid, which upon adhering to cells, fluoresce intermediate shades. He further notes that in the case of bottling line samples, the element of time needed to thoroughly evaluate the preparation was unacceptable. 

Vilas, M. 1993. Bottling line sampling and diagnostic techniques. Vineyard Winery Management Sep/Oct 33 35. 

Sterile Filtration. In and out samples from sterile filtration units as well as finished product from the bottling line should be plated at periodic intervals, depending on wine type and sugar, alcohol, and S02 content. Hold all packaged goods until the incubator results of each corresponding plating are known. 

The choice of containers for collecting samples is important. Containers with caps that have lining inserts or rubber rings for sealing should be avoided. Coloured caps should also be viewed with suspicion as pigments can release a number of trace elements. Polythene bottles and sample tubes of polystyrene or polycarbonate with clear polyethene caps have all proved suitable provided cleaning procedures are carried out first. 

In cases where microorganisms are either absent or present at very low levels (<5 CFU/L), such as bottling line or prebottling samples, the ques-... 

Although the theoretical ability to detect contamination has improved, the reader will recall that results are still well below minimal CFU/plate requirements of 30. (See Sec. C.2) What is the minimum volume of wine needed to detect 10 viable cells per liter Using the above relationship and some mathematical manipulation, it can be calculated that a minimum of 3000 mL (3 L) would need to be filtered to develop 30 colonies/plate. For this reason, bottling lines often utilize in-line samplers that continuously sample the wine. These are equipped with a membrane filter that can easily be disassembled and a new one replaced at regular intervals. 

Where the time frame for results is crucial, such as in samples off the bottling line, all plating techniques suffer from the common problem of significant lag time before plates can be examined. In the case of most yeasts, 72 h of incubation is the norm, but with Brettanomyces/Dekkera and LAB, up to 1 week is required. Thus, techniques such as microscopic examination are continually being evaluated. 

When bottling line or other samples expected to have no or very low population densities are screened, it is necessary to concentrate known volumes by membrane filtration (<0.45 Xm) prior to microscopic examination. The volumes necessary under these conditions have been considered earlier (see Sampling Low Population Densities Sec 6.4.1 and 6.4.2). In this case, conveniently sized portions of the membrane may then be stained and examined directly. 

When sampling from the bottling line where microorganisms are either absent or present at low populations (<5CFU/1000mL), the volume of sample needed to provide statistically reliable results becomes important. If, by experience, recovery of >10 cells/L at bottling likely results in instability, detection limits can be calculated when only 100 mL of a 750 mL bottle is membrane filtered (Cases 1 and 2). 

Collect samples in a 1 L amber bottle fitted with a screw cap lined with Teflon PTFE resin (polytetrafluoroethylene). Wash bottle with acetone, and dry before use. Before sampling, rinse bottle with sample. Refrigerate the sample containers at 4°C and protect from light. 

To determine if steady state conditions exist, the temperatures and pressures in the column can be tabulated to assure that they are reasonably unchanging. Laboratoiy analyses are usually too slow and expensive for checking lined out conditions. Monitoring reflux accumulator boiloff is often an effective way of noting concentration changes. Simply let a sample of the accumulator liquid boil at atmospheric pressure in a bottle with a thermometer inserted. This method is limited to light hydrocarbons and is not accurate enough for precision fractionation. 

Figure 2.16 Clirotnatograms of a pentane extract of a water sample containing 200 ppb of a naphtha fraction (a) sample extracted by using a continuous flow system, where a pressurized bottle was employed as the sample-delivery system (b) batch-extracted sample. Reprinted from Journal of Chromatography, A 330, J. Roeraade, Automated monitoring of organic Race components in water. I. Continuous flow exti action together with on-line capillary gas cliro-matography , pp. 263 - 274, copyrigth 1985, with permission from Elsevier Science.

Fig. 22 Dissolution fates of various griseofulvin and gri-seofulvin-succinic acid samples as determined by the oscillating bottle method. , griseofulvin, crystalline A, griseofulvin, micronized , eutectic mixture 0> physical mixture at eutectic composition , solid solution A, physical mixture at solid solution composition. The dashed line indicates the equilibrium solubility of griseofulvin in water. (From Ref. 41.).

It is practical to place a washing bottle or scrubber in the gas line just before the manifold. The aqueous solution in this bottle contains a reductant for traces of molecular oxygen and at the same time wets the gas which will minimize a concentrating effect on the sample by drying. A practical solution is 1 mM zinc acetate, 1 pM TMP (meso-tctra(/V-methyl-4-pyridyl)porphinc-tetra-tosylate), 100 mM Na2EDTA, 100 mM Tris-HCl buffer at pH 10. The porphyrin complexates the Zn2+ and forms a light-sensitive compound that can be excited by near UV light from an 18 watt TL-tube. 

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