Botryococcus

Bailliez, C., Largeau, C., Casadevall, E., Lian, Wan-Yang, and Berkaloff, C., Photosynthesis, growth and hydrocarbon production of Botryococcus braunii immobilized by entrapment and adsorption in polyurethane foams., Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 

Perhaps the most interesting application of polyurethane foam as a substratum for cell growth was studied by Bailliez et al. While not specifically a remediation study, their work compared hydrophobic and hydrophilic polyurethanes, TDI- and MDI-based prepolymers, and entrapment and adsorption methods, and also investigated the production of hydrocarbons by Botryococcus braunii. An unfortunate feature of biotechnical research in the use of polyurethanes is that the chemistry is rarely explained. While Bailliez includes some detail, much of their work simply designates products without specific references to the polyols. It is, of course, part of the mission of this book to show that polyurethanes are specialty chemicals. It cannot be assumed... 

Nguyen, R., and Harvey, R. (2003). Preservation via macromolecular associations during Botryococcus braunii decay proteins in the Pula Kerogen. Org. Geochem. 34, 1391-1403. 

Derenne, S., Largeau, C., Hetenyi, M., Brukner-Wein, A., Connan, J., and Lugardon, B. (1997). Chemical structure of the organic matter in a Pliocene maar-type shale implicated Botryococcus race strains and formation pathways. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 61, 1879-1889. 

Dennis M. W. and Kolattukudy P. E. (1991) Alkane biosynthesis by decarbonylation of aldehyde catalyzed by a microsomal preparation from Botryococcus brauni. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 287, 268-275. 

Metzger, P., Casadevall, E., Pouet, M. J. and Pouet, Y. (1985). Structures of some botryococcenes branched hydrocarbons from the B-race of the green alga Botryococcus braunii. Phytochemistry, 24,2995-3002. 

Nguyen, R.T., Harvey, H.R., Zang, X., van Heemst, J.D.H., Hetenyi, M., and Hatcher, P.G (2003) Preservation of algaenan and proteinaceous material during the oxic decay of Botryococcus braunii as revealed by pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and 13 C NMR spectroscopy. Org. Geochem. 34, 483-498. 

Largeau C., Casadevall E., Kadouri A., and Metzger P. (1984) Comparative study of immature torbanite and of the extant alga Botryococcus braunii. Org. Geochem. 6, 327-332. 

Zhang X., Nguyen R. T., Harvey H. R., Knicker H., and Hatcher P. G. (2001) Preservation of proteinaceous material during the degradation of the green alga Botryococcus braunii a solid-state 2D NMR... 

Lacustrine Botryococcane (20) and other biomarkers of Botryococcus (fresh to brackish water). Metzger and Largeau (1999)... 

Audino M., Grice K., Alexander R., Kagi R. I., and Boreham C. J. (2001) Unusual distribution of monomethylaUcanes in Botryococcus braunii-hch samples origin and significance. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 65, 1995-2006. 

Derenne S., Largeau C., Casadevall E., and SeUier N. (1990) Direct relationship between the resistant biopolymer and the tetraterpenic hydrocarbon in the lycopadiene race of Botryococcus braunii. Phytochemistry 28, 2187—2192. 

Gehn F., De Leeuw J. W., Sinninghe Damste J. S., Derenne S., and Metzger P. (1994) The similarity of chemical structures of soluble ahphatic polyaldehyde and insoluble algaenan in the green microalga Botryococcus braunii race A as revealed by analytical pyrolysis. Org. Geochem. 21, 423-435. 

Metzger P. and Largeau C. (1999) Chemicals of Botryococcus braunii. In Chemicals from Microalgae (ed. Z. Cohen). Taylor and Francis, pp. 205 - 260. 

Metzger P., Pouet Y., Bischoff R., and Casadevall E. (1993) An aliphatic polyaldehyde from Botryococcus braunii (A race). Phytochemistry 32, 875 - 883. 

Summons R. E., Metzger P., Largeau C., Murray A. P., and Hope J. M. (2002) Polymethylsqualanes from Botryococcus braunii in lacustrine sediments and oils. Org. Geochem. 33, 99-109. 

Permian- Autunian C5, C6, C8 France Shales Pyrite, Clays Non-marine Freshwater Continental Lacustrine Botryococcus Higher Plants Fish Ostracods... 

Carboniferous Cal, Ci6, Ca15 CalO Scotland Shales Pyrite Clays Non-Marine Brackish Non-Marine Freshwater Deltaic-Lagoonal Lagoonal Botryococcus Higher Plants Ostracods Fish... 

Some of the Carboniferous oil shales are rich in Botryococcus remains, the lagoonal freshwater samples CalO (Westfield shale) being almost as rich as the well-known torbanites from Torbanehill remains of this detrital alga... 

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