Boron in electroanalytical processes

Although boranes still produce exciting new molecular species like water-stable B(C6Cl5)3 and associated one-electron reduced radical anions, most work in electroanalytical mechanisms is focused on boronie acid derivatives with a more or less strong interaction with a redox active reaction centre. The most literature-abundant redox active boronie acid is ferrocene-boronic acid (as synthesised first by Nesmeyanov ) with a range of selective redox label applications. 

More complex multi-boronic acid receptor molecules have been proposed. A surface-bound bis-boronic acid has been investigated for improved selectivity to glucose. A novel dendrimer boronie acid system in conjunction 

Sugar moiety on Chj region of anti-biotin antibody 

Aptamer based biosensors, for example for recombinant human erythropoietin (as model analyte), can be made more sensitive by amplification with a boronic acid tethered gold nanoparticle that is then associated with an alkaline phosphatase to produce a redox active probe molecule. A similar re-usable bio-immuno-sensor has been suggested for carcinoembryonic antigen. A phenylboronic acid is assembled on gold to (reversibly) bind the antibody horseradish peroxidase conjugate. Interaction with the antigen slows down the hydrogen peroxide reduction. An HIV-1 immunoassay based on electroluminescence has been proposed by Zhou etaV In this process the 

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