Boron borohydride

For example, nanostructured boron, borohydrides or boron carbides and other additives can be mixed in a poly(amic add) solution before imidization to form a poly(imide) (PI) (5). Piperidine-modified boron nanoparticles can be used with hydrogen-rich Pis. The poly(amic acid) is made from various combinations of di-anhydrides and diamines displaying significant hydrogen content. Bisphenols may also be used after they are converted to diamines. These combinations may include both dianhydrides and two of the diamines to prepare a copol5Hner that may have more suitable solubility characteristics than either of the two corresponding homo-pol5mfiers. 

The electron counts of nitrogen in ammonium ion and boron in borohydride ion are both 4 (half of eight electrons in covalent bonds) Because a neutral nitrogen has five electrons in its valence shell an electron count of 4 gives it a formal charge of +1 A neutral boron has three valence electrons so that an electron count of 4 in borohydride ion corresponds to a formal charge of -1... 

Hydrazine—borane compounds are made by the reaction of sodium borohydride and a hydrazine salt in THF (23,24). The mono-(N2H4 BH ) and di-(N2H4 2BH2) adducts are obtained, depending on the reaction conditions. These compounds have been suggested as rocket fuels (25) and for chemical deposition of nickel—boron alloys on nonmetallic surfaces (see Metallic COATINGS) (26). 

Sodium borohydride reacts with boron halides to form diborane [19287-45-7] 2 6 more conveniendy handled as the monomer... 

R. M. Adams and A. R. Siedle, Boron, Metallo-Boron Compounds andBoranes, Wiley-Interscience, New York, 1964, Chapt. 6, pp. 373—506. Borohydrides. 

The chain-growth catalyst is prepared by dissolving two moles of nickel chloride per mole of bidentate ligand (BDL) (diphenylphosphinobenzoic acid in 1,4-butanediol). The mixture is pressurized with ethylene to 8.8 MPa (87 atm) at 40°C. Boron hydride, probably in the form of sodium borohydride, is added at a molar ratio of two borohydrides per one atom of nickel. The nickel concentration is 0.001—0.005%. The 1,4-butanediol is used to solvent-extract the nickel catalyst after the reaction. 

The reducing agents generally used in bleaching include sulfur dioxide, sulfurous acid, bisulfites, sulfites, hydrosulfites (dithionites), sodium sulfoxylate formaldehyde, and sodium borohydride. These materials are used mainly in pulp and textile bleaching (see Sulfur compounds Boron compounds). 

Sodium Tetrahydroborate, Na[BH ]. This air-stable white powder, commonly referred to as sodium borohydride, is the most widely commercialized boron hydride material. It is used in a variety of industrial processes including bleaching of paper pulp and clays, preparation and purification of organic chemicals and pharmaceuticals, textile dye reduction, recovery of valuable metals, wastewater treatment, and production of dithionite compounds. Sodium borohydride is produced in the United States by Morton International, Inc., the Alfa Division of Johnson Matthey, Inc., and Covan Limited, with Morton International supplying about 75% of market. More than six million pounds of this material suppHed as powder, pellets, and aqueous solution, were produced in 1990. 

Deposition reactions for some reducing agents are given in Table 1 hydrogen is a principal by-product of each reduction. Elemental phosphoms or boron is codeposited with the reduced metal from hypophosphite, borohydride, or organoborane baths (15). Other minor reactions can also occur (18). All of these reductions can be viewed as dehydrogenation reactions (16,19). 

Electroless nickel—boron baths use sodium borohydride or dimethylamine borane [74-94-2] in place of sodium hypophosphite (see Boron compounds). The nickel—boron aHoy is brittle, highly stressed, and much more expensive than nickel—phosphoms aHoys. Nickel—boron is mainly used to replace gold in printed circuit board plating. 

Sodium borohydride or dimethylarnine borane have found limited use as reduciag agents because of expense. In addition, bath stabiHty, plating rate, and deposit properties are inferior to those of formaldehyde-reduced baths. The deposit is a copper—boron alloy. Copper—hypophosphite baths have been iavestigated, but these are poorly autocatalytic, and deposit only very thin coatings. 

Reduction to the corresponding ] -substituted pyrrolidine (23) (lakes place with sodium borohydride/boron trifluoride. Saponification completes the synthesis of the diuretic agent piret-.inide (24). ... 

A 500-ml three-necked flask is fitted with a dropping funnel, a condenser, and a magnetic stirrer. The flask is charged with a mixture of 3.4 g (0.09 mole) of powdered sodium borohydride, 150 ml of THF, and 25.2 g (0.30 mole) of 4-methyI-I-pentene. A solution of 15.1 ml (17.0 g, 0.12 mole) of boron trifluoride etherate in 20 ml of THF is added over a period of 1 hour, the temperature being maintained at 25° (water bath). The flask is stirred an additional hour at 25° and the excess hydride is decomposed with water (10 ml). 

The sodium borohydride solution is added dropwise to the stirred boron trifluoride etherate-diglyme solution resulting in the formation of diborane. The gas is swept into the olefin-TH F solution (held at 20°) by maintaining a slow flow of dry nitrogen through the generator. 

A 500-ml flask is equipped with a thermometer, a magnetic stirrer, and a dropping funnel, and all openings are protected by drying tubes. The system is flushed with nitrogen and a solution of 2.84 g (0.075 mole) of sodium borohydride in 150 ml of diglyme is introduced followed by 28.3 g (0.30 mole) of norbornene. The flask is immersed in an ice-water bath and the hydroboration is achieved by the dropwise addition of 27.4 ml (0.10 mole) of boron trifluoride diglymate. The solution is stirred... 

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