Book chapters, general description

In conclusion, this first Chapter attempts to provide the non specialist with and a general basis for understanding the importance and the major advances and drawbacks of heterogeneous HDS and HDN reactions, as well as the principal challenges that need to be addressed in the future. It is also meant to provide the context in which the organometallic chemistry related to these processes will be discussed in the rest of the book. Chapter 2 will be devoted to the description of metal complexes of the thiophenes, their syntheses, structures, bonding characteristics and reactivity patterns. 

A general description of safety in the manufacture, handling and storage of Reactive Chemicals and mainly of explosives is described in a Japanese book (14). It contains chapters on ... 

In this introductory chapter, we present the types and main properties of ionizing radiation and general description of its interaction with matter. In addition, taking into account that some other chapters of the present book are dedicated, in particular, to the synthesis of materials using P-particles and y-irradiation, here in the present chapter we will carry out the analysis of examples of more rare application of a-particles, x-rays, neutrons, protons, and ion beams for obtaining various materials, composites, and chemical compounds. 

In this chapter the description of the solvent effect is given within the framework of some specific experimental results and computational methods for studying and predicting oligo- and polysaccharide conformations in solution. It is not the authors intention to make an in depth investigation into the general methodologies which have been widely reported over recent years (and in this book) but rather to provide a step-wise presentation of some conformational features which have upheld theoretical predictions with experimental observations. The number of examples and approaches is necessarily limited and the choice undoubtedly reflects the authors preferences. Nonetheless, the aim is to be as informative as possible about the conceptual difficulties and conceivable results. 

The book is divided into seven chapters. A brief definition of the topic in Chapter 1 is followed by stoichiometric analysis of chemically reacting systems, leading up to an absolutely generalized description of the application of linear algebra methods. 

The aim of this book is to present the current state of the art of extracting natural products with near-critical solvents and to view the possibilities of further extensions of the technique. Relevant background theory is given but does not dominate the book. Carbon dioxide is the near-critical solvent used in most recent applications and inevitably receives prominence. In addition to general descriptions and reviews, the book contains three chapters by industrial practitioners who describe in detail the operation of their processes and discuss the market for their products. Sections on the design of the pressure vessels and pumps required in these processes and on the acquisition of the data required for design are included. The costing of the processes is also discussed. 

This book was written primarily for the new man in infrared spectroscopy, the student and the inexperienced worker, but should also be useful to the more experienced, especially to those whose experience has been limited to one small segment of the field. To cover infrared technology in a comprehensive or detailed manner would require a book of unmanageable size so, except for the chapters dealing with interpretation of spectra, the material covered was limited to broad, general descriptions or discussions of instrumentation, accessories. 

Evaporation is the removal of a solvent by vaporisation, from solids that are not volatile. It is normally used to produce a concentrated liquid, often prior to crystallisation, but a dry solid product can be obtained with some specialised designs. The general subject of evaporation is covered in Volume 2, Chapter 14. That chapter includes a discussion of heat transfer in evaporators, multiple-effect evaporators, and a description of the principal types of equipment. The selection of the appropriate type of evaporator is discussed by Cole (1984). Evaporation is the subject of a book by Billet (1989). 

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