Bonding chemistries traditional

Synthesizing organic molecules under mild conditions and with the minimal environmental impact is one of the main targets of green chemistry. Traditional synthetic methods often involve rather harsh conditions. As an example, many methods for carbon-carbon bond formation involve an enolate as the key intermediate and thus are carried out under strongly basic conditions and/or require the introduction of activating groups, which leads to a poor atom economy. 

The traditional bonding chemistry using a mono-functional silane achieves a maximum bonding efficiency of -50% or a ligand density of 4 pmole/m2. These bonded phases suffer from several known disadvantages ... 

Compounds which contain direct M-C bonds comprise a vast field which spans the traditional branches of inorganic and organic chemistry. A general overview is given in Section 19.7... 

---