Bonaparte

The functions of the Academie Royal des Sciences were assumed in 1795 by a branch of the newly formed National Institute. Laplace was elected vice president of this reincarnated Academy and then elected president a few months later, in 1796. The duties of this position put him in contact with Napoleon Bonaparte. Three weeks after Napoleon seized power m 1799, Laplace presented him with copies of his work on celestial mechanics. Bonaparte quipped that he would read it in the first six weeks I have free and invited Laplace and his wife to dinner. Three weeks later, Napoleon named Laplace his minister of the interior. After six weeks, however, he was replaced Napoleon thought him a complete failure as an administrator. However, Napoleon continued to heap honors and rewards upon him, regarding him as a decoration of the state. lie made Laplace a chancellor of the Senate with a salai y that made him wealthy, named him to the Legion of Honor, and raised him to the rank of count of the empire. Laplace s wife was appointed a lady-in-waitmg to the Italian court of Napoleon s sister. Laplace responded with adulatory dedications of his works to Napoleon. 

This technique was applied in the early 1960s to a lock of hair taken from Napoleon Bonaparte (1769-1821) on St Helena. Arsenic levels of up to 50 times normal suggested he may have been a victim of poisoning, perhaps on orders from the French royal family. 

Bonaparte, Napoleon, 574 Bond A linkage between atoms, 34-37 covalent, 34,165-160 hydrogen, 238-240 in reactants, 212-214 ionic, 37... 

C), (Fig. 2). Mixing within the chambers was accomplished with air bubbles. Samples collected from these tanks, from Bonaparte Point, and from the pack-ice were included in plastic bags placed in these chambers for measurements of uptake. These tanks were kept... 

Braune BM, Gaskin DE. 1987. Mercury levels in Bonaparte s gulls (Lams Philadelphia) during autumn molt in the Quoddy Region, New Brunswick, Canada. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 16 539-550. 

Bonaparte s gull, Larus Philadelphia, New Brunswick, Canada autumn 1978-84 Feather parts Quill 2.3 DW 110... 

A large number of French soldiers froze to death in the winter of 1812 within a matter of weeks of their emperor Napoleon Bonaparte leading them into Russia. The loss of manpower was one of the principal reasons why Napoleon withdrew from the outskirts of Moscow, and hence lost his Russian campaign. 

Arsenic is highly toxic, and indeed much speculation has surrounded arsenic poisoning as the cause of death of Napoleon Bonaparte, on account of the levels of As in the Emperor s hair (perhaps derived from fungal activity on a green pigment present in the wallpaper of his apartments in St. Helena). Arsenic trioxide has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) of the USA for the treatment of acute promyelocytic anaemia in adult patients who fail to respond to other chemotherapy, or have relapsed disease. 

Marx, Karl. (1898). The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte (18S2) by Karl Marx. Translated from the German for the people, organ of the socialist labor party, by Daniel De Leon. New York International Publishing Co. 

In the Bonaparte Lake area of south-central BC, samples of outer bark from Engelmann spruce and lodgepole pine were collected on an opportunistic basis during the course of field mapping. Consequently, the sample distribution was uneven, but expedient and sufficient to... 

Biogeochemical surveys in the Bonaparte Lake area, south-central British Columbia (NTS 92P09 and 10). Geological Survey Canada Open File, 6149 CD-ROM... 

Plouffe, a., Bednarski, J.M., Huscroft, C.A., McCuaig, S.J. 2009. Gold grain content of till in the Bonaparte Lake map area, south central British Columbia. Geological Survey of Canada Open File 6047, CD-ROM. 

M. Chevallier, one of his students, recalled an incident that well illustrates Professor Vauquelin s kindness. In 1808 Bonaparte ordered the arrest and deportation of all Spaniards living in Paris. One of the sixty who were seized and taken to the prefecture of police was a young man who had recently come to study under Professor Vauquelin and who had no other protector in Paris. Vauquelin started out before six o clock next morning, dressed in the uniform worn on formal occasions by members of the Institute, went to the police station, and succeeded in having the boy released. The young Spaniard, who was named Mateo Jos6 Buenaventura Orfila, afterward made a great name for himself in chemistry (16, 35, 66). 

Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte is known for many things, but not many people know how much he contributed to mathematics. Napoleon was always a great supporter of mathematical inquiry and promoted mathematical study whenever he could. One of his better-known contributions is his discovery that, if you construct an equilateral triangle on each side of any other triangle, the centers of those equilateral triangles are the vertices of another equilateral... 

Perhaps, the most controversial death possibly involving arsenic is that of Napoleon Bonaparte (1769-1821), the French Emperor. Despite extensive studies over the past several decades, controversies still continue over Napoleon s death and whether accidental poisoning or assassination with arsenic was involved. Most historians have traditionally argued that Napoleon Bonaparte died of gastric ( stomach ) cancer in exile on the island of St. Helena in 1821. The autopsy report of Napoleon s death was not questioned for many years because Napoleon s father probably died of the disease (Lugli et al., 2007), 52. Since 1961, however, analyses of Napoleon s hair at the time of his death found high concentrations of arsenic in some, but not all, of the samples. Some experts suspected that Napoleon died of arsenic... 

Weider, B. and Fournier, J.H. (1999) Activation analyses of authenticated hairs of Napoleon bonaparte confirm arsenic poisoning. The American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology, 20(4), 378-82. 

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