Boltzman’s constant

Boltzman s constant and T is the temperature. Using equations 7.101 and 7.102, we see that this is equivalent to the following PCA rule ... 

In order to get this expression into a more familiar form (equation 9.7), we now consider the zeroth-order approximation to /. We assume that / is locally a Maxwell-Boltzman distribution, and treat the density p, temperature T[x,t) = < V — u p> (where k is Boltzman s constant), and average velocity u all as slowly changing variables with respect to x and t. We can then write... 

Pagels show that thermodynamic depth is proportional to the difference between the state s thermodynamic entropy (i.e. its coarse grained entropy) and its finegrained entropy, given by fcex volume of points in phase space corresponding to the system s trajectory, where k], is Boltzman s constant. 

The thermal energy of an Einstein oscillator is k0e where k = Boltzman s constant, and 0e is the Einstein temperature. The mechanical energy of the oscillator is h0e/2jr where h = Planck s constant. 

Specific surface area per gram of solid Contact angle Moles adsorbed per gram Surface concentration Boltzman s constant Relative equilibrium pressure of adsorbate Monolayer volume of adsorbed gas or vapor per gram of solid... 

Here n is the average refractive index, k is Boltzman s constant, and T is absolute temperature (13). If a polyblend were to form a homogeneous network, the stress would be distributed equally between network chains of different composition. Assuming that the size of the statistical segments of the component polymers remains unaffected by the mixing process, the stress-optical coefficient would simply be additive by composition. Since the stress-optical coefficient of butadiene-styrene copolymers, at constant vinyl content, is a linear function of composition (Figure 9), a homogeneous blend of such polymers would be expected to exhibit the same stress-optical coefficient as a copolymer of the same styrene content. Actually, all blends examined show an elevation of Ka which increases with the breadth of the composition distribution (Table III). Such an elevation can be justified if the blends have a two- or multiphase domain structure in which the phases differ in modulus. If we consider the domains to be coupled either in series or in parallel (the true situation will be intermediate), then it is easily shown that... 

Note y = surface energy, D = volume diffusivity, Ds = surface diffusivity, Db = grain boundary diffusivity, ij = viscosity, b = Burgers vector, k = Boltzman s constant, p = density, S = width of grain boundary diffusion path, P = pressure, M = molecular weight, and 2 = atomic volume. Source From R. M. German, Sintering Theory and Practice (New York Wiley, 1996). Reprinted with permission of John Wiley Sons, Inc. 

Mass transfer coefficients Boltzman s constant Overall mass transfer coefficient Length or thickness Total solute mass in pulse Total flux of species 1 ... 

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