Boiling, pool burnout

Kirby, D. B., and J. W. Westwater, 1965, Bubble and Vapor Behavior on a Heated Horizontal Plate during Pool Boiling Near Burnout, AIChEChem. Eng. Prog. Symp. Ser. 6/(57) 238 248. (2) Kirby, G. J., 1966, A Model for Correlating Burnout in Round Tubes, UK Rep. AEEW-R-511, UK AEEW, Winfrith, England. (5)... 

C8. Costello, C. P., and Adams, J. M., Burnout heat fluxes in pool boiling at high accelerations, Intern. Develop. Heat Transfer Pt. II, Paper No. 30. ASME (1961). 

Colver, C. P., and R. E. Balzhiser, 1964, A Study of Saturated Pool Boiling of Potassium up to Burnout Heat Flux, AIChE Paper presented at 87th Nat. Heat Transfer Conf., Cleveland, OH. (2)... 

Costello, C. P., and J. M. Adams, 1961, Burnout Heat Fluxes in Pool Boiling at High Acceleration, in International Developments in Heat Transfer, Part II, ASME, New York. (2)... 

Costello, C. P., C. O. Bock, and C. C. Nichols, 1965, A Study of Induced Convective Effects on Pool Boiling Burnout, AIChE Chem. Eng. Prog. Symp. Ser. 6/ 271-280, (2)... 

DeBortoli, R. A., and R. Masnovi, 1957, Effect of Dissolved Hydrogen on Burnout for Water Flowing Vertically Upward in Round Tubes at 2000 psia, USAEC Rep. WAPD-TH-318, Pittsburgh, PA. (5) Ded, J., and J. H. Lienhard, 1972, The Peak Pool Boiling Heat Transfer from a Sphere, AIChE J. 18(2)331-342. (2)... 

Gaertner, R. F., 1963a, Effect of Surface Chemistry on the Level of Burnout Heat Flux in Pool Boiling, G.E. Rep. 63-RL-3449C, San Jose, CA. (2)... 

Lienhard, J. H., 1988, Burnout on Cylinders, Trans. ASME, J. Heat Transfer 770 1271-1286. (2) Lienhard, J. H., and V. K. Dhir, 1973a, Hydrodynamic Prediction of Peak Pool-Boiling Heat Fluxes from Finite Bodies, Trans. ASME, J. Heat Transfer 95 152. (2)... 

C. P. Costello and W. J. Frea, The Role of Capillary Wicking and Surface Deposits in the Attainment of High Pool Boiling Burnout Heat Fluxes, AIChE J. (10) 393-398,1964. 

FIGURE 15.60 Effect of pressure and cylinder diameter on burnout heat flux for saturated pool boiling of water from horizontal cylinders (from Hewitt [147], with permission from The McGraw-Hill Companies). 

A. E. Bergles, Burnout in Boiling Heat Transfer. Part 1 Pool Boiling Systems, Nuclear Safety (16/1) 29-42,1975. 

Critical heat flux (CHF), also known in the literature as burnout point, is generally related to a drastic decrease in the heat transfer coefficient and is observed not only under pool boiling but also under convective boiling conditions. The CHF condition is observed when the liquid supply to the heated surface is blocked and the surface is covered by a layer of vapor, such that the heat is transferred from the surface to the liquid by conduction and convection through a vapor layer. When heat is dissipated from a device which the imposed parameter is the heat flux, viz. microprocessors, fuel cells, spacecraft payloads and fuel elements in nuclear reactors, exceeding the CHF may result in an irreversible damage of the thermally controlled device. 

Figure 6. Pool boiling heat transfer for water as a function of excess temperature T aii - Tsat, showing improved heat transfer (and heat transfer coefficients) up to the Critical Heat Flux (CHF), [42] often referred to as the Burnout Heat Flux in furnace literature. Past the CHF, film boiling blankets the inner heat transfer surface as shown in the inserted photo, causing the furnace cooler to rapidly heat and melt.

CHF is also referred as boiling crisis and burnout. DNB is generally used to describe the CHF condition in pool boiling and also in flow boiling where rapid bubble formation causes vapor blanket on the heater surface. Thus, CFIF at low quality is referred as DNB such as in PWR core. Dryout is used to describe liquid film dryout in annular flow. At high flow quality, dryout is expected with increase in heat flux such as in BWR core. 

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