Boiling-point elevation osmosis

The colligative properties we will be observing are freezing-point depression, boiling-point elevation, vapor-pressure lowering, and osmosis. Put on your safety glasses for all four demonstrations. 

The presence of solutes in water can have profound effects upon the properties of the solvent. These effects include lowering the freezing point, elevating the boiling point, and osmosis. All such properties are called colligative properties they depend upon the concentration of solute, rather than its particular identity. The effects of solutes and solution concentrations on colligative properties are addressed briefly here. 

Solutions can be described by their concentration, which is the amount of solute in a specific amount of that solution. These relationships, which include mass % (m/m), volume % (v/v), mass/volume % (m/v), and molarity (M), are used to convert between the amount of a solute and the quantity of its solution. Solutions are also diluted by adding a specific amount of solvent to a solution. Solutions have different properties that depend on the concentration of particles. The particles in a solution lower the freezing point of the solvent and elevate its boiling point. In osmosis, water flows through a semipermeable membrane from a solution with a lower concentration of particles into a solution with a higher concentration of particles. 

Include boiling point elevation, freezing point depression, vapor pressure lowering, and osmosis... 

Effects including lowering of freezing point, elevation of boiling point, and osmosis, whieh depend upon the concentration of solute, rather than its particular identity are... 

---