Liquid products boiling point distributions

The liquid products were analysed by capillary gas chromatography (GC) and peak identifications were made with the aid of GC-MS used in conjunction with concentration of the aromatic species by open-column adsorption chromatography on alumina. To give a clear indication of the boiling point distribution of the products, the peaks in the chromatograms have been grouped using successive n-alkanes. This procedure could not be used as precisely for the n-hexadecane/quinoline mixtures because of overlap of the quinoline and product peaks close to Cu,... 

The amount of liquid product was measured to find out the reaction yield for each experiment. Density and boiling-point distribution were analyzed by ASTM D97 and ASTM D2S87 (simulated distillation) standard methods. Simulated distillations were converted to ASTM D86 distillations to allow calculating cetane indexes according to ASTM D4737. Liquid products were also analyzed by MS-GC to obtain their qualitative composition, and by elemental analysis (C, H, S and O) to check the extent of hydrogenation. 

Chung et al. [23] have investigated the effects of NaOH concentration and reaction lime on the mineralogical structure of zeolites synthesized by hydrothermal treatment of fly ash with NaOH solution. It has been reported that the effect of these zeolites on the pyrolysis behavior of low density polyethylene and polypropylene can be delineated in terms of recovery and distribution of boiling points of liquid pyrolysis products. It appears that the fly ash derived zeolites are not effective for low density polyethylene (LDPE) pyrolysis but slightly effective for polypropylene pyrolysis. 

Tables V and VI show that the distribution of molecular types in the liquid products after cracking at 500° and 560°C shifts towards more aromatics, particulary monoaromatics, and polars with increasing boiling point range of the feed. The yields of monoaromatics increase at the higher temperature since they are favoured thermodynamically as dehydrogenation products of naphthenes. Polyaromatics are rejected to coke. The conversion of polars decreases with increasing boiling point of the feed at 500°C, but increases...

For the liquid product, the composition at thermodynamic equilibrium of the mixture of dichlorobutenes resulting from the previous step is favorable to the presence of the 1,4-isomers. At 100 C, in fact, and at Qtl. 10 Pa absolute, the following distribution is obtained (molar per cent) 3,4- dichloro 1-butene 21, d -i,4-dichloFo 2-butenes 7, and trans-l,4-dichloro 2-butenes s 72. However, these three components have (Efferent boiling points, 123,154 and 158 C respectively at atmospheiic pressure. Thm the vapor in equilibrium with the liquid is for richer in 3,4niicUoro 1-butene (52 per oentX n chloroprene precursor. This feature facilitates the shift of the reaction in the desired direction and allows the removal of the more volatile 3,4-isomer by assodated distiDation. 

The principal problem with the falling-film LTV evaporator is that of feed distribution to the tubes. It is essential that all tube surfaces be wetted continually. This usually requires recirculation of the liquid unless the ratio of feed to evaporation is quite high. An alternative to the simple recirculation system of Fig. ll-122/i is sometimes used when the feed undergoes an appreciable concentration change and the product is viscous and/or has a high boiling point rise. The feed chamber and vapor head are divided into a number of liqu... 

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