Bohrium

Lawrencium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium ... 

Francium Radium Actinium Rutherfordiurr Dubnium Seaborgiurr Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium... 

Boeing Rocketdyne, corporate decision making by, 24 386 Boggsite (BOG), 16 813 Boghead coal, 6 705 Bohr, Niels, 21 289 Bohr frequency, 23 128 Bohrium (Bh), l 492t Boiler deposits, in industrial water treatment, 26 131 Boiler economizers, 10 146 Boiler feed pumps, 21 56 Boilers, 10 152 23 215-216... 

Scientists have succeeded in synthesizing about 25 elements that do not exist in nature. All except one of these (technetium, Z = 43) are members of period 7. All are very dense and radioactive. Many, such as Rutherfordium [Z = 104) and Bohrium (Z = 107), are quite short-lived, with no known applications outside of the laboratory. An exception is the element plutonium (Z = 94). Research several applications of this element, and the properties that make it well-suited for these uses. What risks are associated with plutonium Do the risks outweigh the benefits Justify your opinions. 

Bohrium - the atomic number is 107 and the chemical symbol is Bh. The name derives from the Danish physicist Niels Bohr, who developed the theory of the electronic structure of the atom. The first synthesis of this element is eredited to the laboratory of the GSI (Center for Heavy-Ion Research) under the leadership of the German scientists Peter Armbruster and Gunther Mhnzenberg at Darmstadt, Germany in 1981, using the reaction ° Bi ( Cr, n) Bh. The longest half-life associated with this unstable element is 17 second Bh. 

ISOTOPES There are a total of 10 isotopes of unnilseptium (bohrium). Not all their half-lives are known. However, the ones that are known range from 8.0 milliseconds to 9.8 seconds for Bh-272, which is the most stable Isotope of bohrium and which decays Into dubnlum-268 through alpha decay. Only one Isotope, Uns-261, has a decay mode that Involves both alpha decay and spontaneous fission. All the others decay by alpha emission. 

Unnilseptium, or bohrium, is artificially produced one atom at a time in particle accelerators. In 1976 Russian scientists at the nuclear research laboratories at Dubna synthesized element 107, which was named unnilseptium by lUPAC. Only a few atoms of element 107 were produced by what is called the cold fusion process wherein atoms of one element are slammed into atoms of a different element and their masses combine to form atoms of a new heavier element. Researchers did this by bombarding bismuth-204 with heavy ions of chromium-54 in a cyclotron. The reaction follows Bi-209 + Cr-54 + neutrons = (fuse to form) Uns-262 + an alpha decay chain. 

The most stable isotope of unnilennium is meitnerium-276, which has a half-life of about 0.72 seconds. Une-276 decays into element 107 (Uns-272 or bohrium-272). 

The two scientists then traced the very short decay sequence of the three Une-266 atoms as they decayed into element 107 (unnilseptium or bohrium) and element number 105 (unnil-pentium or dubnium). The decay sequence is as follows ... 

The Heavy Ion Reaction Separator (SHIP) located in the GSI laboratory in Germany was used to identify elements 107 (bohrium) through element 109 (meitnerium) during the years 1981 through 1984, and it was used again later, between 1994 and 1996, to verify elements 110 (Uun) through element 112 (Uub). 

Bohrium (Unnilseptium) Bh or Uns 1981 (Darmstadt, Germany) Peter Armbruster and Gottfried Munzenberg (both German) 346... 

Bohrium signalled the debut of a new team of element-makers, who have dominated the field since the early 1980s. At the Institute for Heavy Ion Research (GSI) in Darmstadt, Germany, nuclear physicists perfected a new approach explored but then abandoned at Dubna. Instead of firing small, light nuclei such as alpha particles... 

---