Bockris and Sen

Bockris and Parry-Jones were the first to carry out experiments with a pendulum to measure the friction between a wetted substrate and the pivot upon which the pendulum swung. It should be noted that Rebinder and Wenstrom199 used such a device for an objective similar to that of Bockris and Parry-Jones, but they claimed that the characteristics of the pendulum oscillations reflected the hardness of the solid surface. The plastic breakdown determining this would be a function of v and this is a potential-dependent value.100, 01 More extensive determinations were made later by Bockris and Argade200 the theoretical treatment was given by Bockris and Sen.201 In the absence of adjustable parameters in the theory, a good agreement between theory and experimental data was assumed.201 The studies by Bockris and Parry-Jones indicated that the... 

Bockris and Parry-Jones, friction method for the potential of zero charge, 40 Bockris and Sen, theory of the friction method for determining the potential of zero charge, 40 Bubbles... 

Bockris and Argade, 40 Bockris and Parry-Jones, 40 Bockris and Sen, 40 Frumkin... 

A third matter to mention here is that the WKB approximation outlined above is limited in the realm in which it is valid. It is more applicable to protons than to electrons (Bockris and Sen, 1973). Other quantum mechanical methods of a quite different nature can be used13 (D. Miller, 1995) and have been applied to make numerical quantal calculations of the rate of redox reactions (Khan, Wright, and Bockris, 1977 Newton, 1986), but they depend on a knowledge of wave functions which, for electron levels in hydrated ions in solution, may still be too primitive for calculations of rate. 

The question of the degree of validity of the WKB method was examined by Sen and Bockris. ... 

If the tunneling time is less than the fluctuation time of the barrier, the usual tunneling expression will be valid. Sen and Bockris indicated this effect by consideration of the situation in Figure 6. Owing to the permeability of this barrier, there is a splitting in the energy levels in two wells. Let this be represented, energywise, by a SE,... 

The evaluation of the tunneling time depends upon a calculation of 8E, To do this, Sen and Bockris utilized an expression, due to Uhlenbeck and Dennison, which is... 

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