Blood Group Substances from Other Sources

Investigations of the serologically active material obtainable from human urine have been carried out by Freudenberg and coworkers. The amount present was very small, so that urine cannot be regarded as a convenient source from which to obtain the quantities necessary for extensive investigations. These workers were able to show that the 

Peptone was used as a source of blood group A material by Goebel, who showed that the active substance it contained was principally carbohydrate and contained D-galactose and D-glucosamine. 

These have proved invaluable sources of blood group A substances, and many workers have studied the active material isolated from them. Meyer, Smyth and Palmer obtained from hog stomach a polysaccharide which was highly active serologically and contained W-acetyl-D-glucos-amine and D-galactose residues. Landsteiner and his coworkers obtained similar substances from hog stomach and pig pepsin. The following method used for isolating the substance from pepsin is typical. 

The mucin, after filtration through a bacterial filter, was treated with a 1 % solution of sodium chloride and acetic acid at 96° and the active substance was obtained by fractional precipitation with alcohol. It was then purified by reprecipitation with alcohol in the presence of sodium acetate or with acetic acid. DeproteLnization by 

Sevag s method, using chloroform and butyl alcohol, has also been used for purification, the purification process being followed by the isoagglutination method. 

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III. Blood Group Substances from Other Sources. 42... 

C14H25NO11 383.352 Isol. from partial acid hydrolysates of human-blood group A substance and other sources. 

C14H25NO11 383.352 Repeating unit in mucopolysaccharides isol. from partial acid hydrolysates or acetolysates of human-blood group A substance and other sources. Structural unit in higher oligosaccharides present in human milk. Hydrolysis prod, of human plasma glycoprotein and of fetuin, a glycoprotein from calf foetal plasma. Cryst. (2-propanol/MeOH). 

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