Blattella germanica pheromone

The aggregation pheromones of insects can be classified into two groups those emitted by males or females to attract both sexes simultaneously for resource exploitation and/or mating (e.g., bark beetles Byers, 1989) and those emitted to attract and arrest individuals of specific developmental stages, as found in the German cockroach Blattella germanica (Ishii and Kuwahara, 1967,1968 Sakuma and Fukami, 1990, 1993). 

Ishii, S. and Kuwahara, Y. (1967). An aggregation pheromone of the German cockroach Blattella germanica L. (Orthoptera Blattellidae). Applied Entomology and Zoology 2 203-217. 

Sakuma, M. and Fukami, H. (1990). The attraction of the German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.) (Dictyoptera Blattellidae) to their aggregation pheromone. Applied Entomology and Zoology 25 355-368. 

Fig. 6.1. Pheromone-mediated courtship sequences in Blattella germanica (Blat-tellidae) and Nauphoeta cinerea (Blaberidae). In B. germanica, as in most blat-tellids and blattids, the female calls and releases a long-range attractant (a) and after contact (b) the male raises his wings and emits volatiles from his tergites...

Fuchs, von M. E. A., Franke, S. and Francke, W. (1985). Carboxylic acids in the feces of Blattella germanica (L.) and their possible role as part of the aggregation pheromone. Journal of Applied Entomology 99 499-503. 

Gu, X., Quilici, D., Juarez, P, Blomquist, G. J. and Schal, C. (1995). Biosynthesis of hydrocarbons and contact sex pheromone and their transport by lipophorin in females of the German cockroach (Blattella germanica). Journal of Insect Physiology 41 257-267. 

Juarez, P., Chase, J. and Blomquist, G. J. (1992). A microsomal fatty acid synthetase from the integument of Blattella germanica synthesizes methyl-branched fatty acids, precursors to hydrocarbon and contact sex pheromone. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 293 333-341. 

Nishida, R., Fukami, H. and Ishii, S. (1974). Sex pheromone of the German cockroach (Blattella germanica L.) responsible for male wing-raising 3,1 l-dimethyl-2-nonacosanone. Experientia 30 978-979. 

Schal, C., Burns, E. L., Jurenka, R. A. and Blomquist, G. J. (1990a). A new component of the female sex pheromone of Blattella germanica (L.) (Dictyoptera Blattellidae) and interaction with other pheromone components. Journal of Chemical Ecology 16 1997-2008. 

Tokro, P. G., Brossut, R. and Sreng, L. (1993). Studies on the sex pheromone of female Blattella germanica L. Insect Science and its Application 14 115-126. 

Wendler, G. and Vlatten, R. (1993). The influence of aggregation pheromone on walking behaviour of cockroach males (Blattella germanica L.). Journal of Insect Physiology 39 1041-1050. 

Liang D., and Schal C. (1993a) Ultrastructure and maturation of a sex pheromone gland in the female German cockroach, Blattella germanica. Tissue Cell 25, 763-776. 

Figure 10.1 Metabolic pathways for the biosynthesis of 3,11-dimethylnonacosan-2-one and related sex pheromone components of the female contact sex pheromone of the German cockroach, Blattella germanica.

Abed D., Tokro R, Farine J.-P. and Brossut R. (1993c) Pheromones in Blattella germanica and Blaberus craniifer (Blaberoidea) glandular source, morphology and analyses of pheromonally released behaviours. Chemoecology 4, 46-54. 

Jurenka R. A., Schal C., Bums E., Chase J. and Blomquist G. J. (1989) Structural correlation between cuticular hydrocarbons and female contact sex pheromone of German cockroach Blattella germanica (L.). J. Chem. Ecol. 15, 939-949. 

Kugimiya S., Nishida R., Kuwahara Y. and Sakuma M. (2002) Phospholipid composition and pheromonal activity of nuptial secretion of the male German cockroach, Blattella germanica, Entomol. Exper. Appl. 104, 337-344. 

Nishida R. and Fukami H. (1983) Female sex pheromone of the German cockroach Blattella germanica. Mem. Coll. Agric. Kyoto Univ. 122, 1-24. 

Schal C., Burns E. L. and Blomquist G. J. (1990a) Endocrine regulation of female contact sex pheromone production in the German cockroach, Blattella germanica. Physiol. Entomol. 15, 81-91. 

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