Black-white binary

At a loss about what else to do in the face of this living legacy, the editors of a special multiracial issue oi Amerasia Journal go so far as to propose that an interdisciplinary approach would do the trick, thereby ascribing to the black-white binary yet another theoretical shortcoming, the stricture of a single-discipline approach (Houston and Williams 1997, xi). 

The article from which this passage is drawn represents an updated iteration of the critique of the black-white binary found in Omi and Winant (1993, 1994) in which the authors note the empirical register of racial multiplicity and racial mixture without subsequent theoretical advancement in the understanding of the logic of race and racism. 

The idea can perhaps be illxistrated by supposing that n white, n black, and m red balls, mixed up in a bowl, represent a swarm of reacting molecules. We are taught in algebra that the probability of drawing, in a binary combination, a white and a black ball is —1) and the probability of drawing a black, white, and red ball is ——2) . The probability of the binary combination... 

In this approach failures are thus assumed to be either fuUy correlated or totally uncorrelated it is hence a binary model (black/white, zero/one) which cannot accommodate gradually varying levels of correlation. In fact, for redundant components connected by AND -logic, this model negates the existence of distinct failure events for the individual redundant trains and will hence also be referred to as deterministic correlation model. This binary, deterministic model is... 

Many of us make binary, black/white, either/or type decisions every day Should I buy this house now or wait , Should I say something to my boss or not , and so on. These types of queries are commonly posed in a scientific setting as well, where, for example, the question might be on a health-related... 

FIGURE 2 The intensity of some astrophysical sources. CB, compact binaries WDB, white dwarf binaries CBC, compact binary coalescence SN, supernovae a, coalescence of binary black holes with 10 /W b, black hole formations with 10 Mq c, black hole binary with 10 M d, black hole-black hole with 10 /W . 

Fig. 5.2.3 Identification of rivulets and surface wetting in a packing of 5-mm diameter glass spheres contained within a column of inner diameter 40 mm. The data were acquired in a 3D array with an isotropic voxel resolution of 328 xm x 328 pm x 328 [im. (a) The original image of trickle flow is first binary gated, so that only the liquid distribution within the image is seen (white) gas-filled pixels and pixels containing glass spheres show up as zero intensity (black), (b) The liquid distribu-...

Figure 17.6 shows the results for a typical composite image of the entire flame in which the image intensity, or gray scale value, is plotted on the vertical axis against radial and axial distance coordinates. To find the flame area, a threshold intensity is first picked and a binary image is created with all pixels with intensities above the threshold set to 1 (white) and the rest set to 0 (black). The number of white pixels is then proportional to the surface area of the flame at that intensity contour. This process is then repeated to build up a plot of flame area versus a normalized threshold number (intensity value/256) such as that shown in Fig. 17.7a. 

Fig. 3.17 Screening protocol showing library designs (top) and post reaction images of TLC detection wafers (bottom). Note that the white TLC plates appear black and the red spots appear white in the photo, (a) Binaries of redox active metal oxides (b) extension of binaries into ternaries by adding dopants (c) focus ternaries of best hits (d) noble metal doping of MoVNb ternary. Compositional details are given in the text. Reaction temperatures for (a-c) =375 °C, (d) =325 °C.

Figure 7. Binary melting-point phase diagram of NNMe3. White and black circles represent the temperatures of the beginning and the end of fusion, respectively. (Reprinted with permission from ref 18. Copyright 2003 American Chemical Society.)...

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