Bituminous coal middle oil

For the splitting hydrogenation of petroleum gas oil, a lower temperature than that required for the prehydrogenation of bituminous-coal middle oil with smaller conversion to gasoline was sufficient. This is caused mainly by the higher nitrogen content of the bituminous-coal middle oil, which decreases catalyst activity. As shown in Table IV, aromatic rings like naphthalene are saturated with WS2 catalyst at a temperature of 335°C. 

With the introduction of the two-stage vapor-phase operation in 1935, the WS2 catalyst was used at first as a prehydrogenation catalyst. The cost of this catalyst and the properties shown in Table VIII were the reasons for the development of other prehydrogenation catalysts. The data in Table VIII were derived from experiments for the prehydrogenation of bituminous-coal middle oil at 250 atm. hydrogen pressure and a throughput of 0.8 kg. of feed/liter of catalyst. 

The influence of varying amounts of the active component in Mo-Ni catalysts on alumina is shown in Fig. 11. The prehydrogenation tests were made with a bituminous-coal middle oil (aniline point—12°C., 17% tar acids, 0.75% N2) with the addition of 1% CS2. Carbon bisulfide is... 

The activating effect of nickel in these catalysts is highly specific. Replacing nickel by iron produced catalysts of decreased hydrogenating and refining activity (28). Results obtained with bituminous-coal middle oil are shown in Table XII. The same experimental conditions were used as indicated for Fig. 11. 

The influence of feed fractions of various boiling ranges on the overall conversion was investigated with a bituminous-coal middle oil. The... 

Fig. 19. Aromatization of bituminous coal middle oil. TABLE XXIII...

One example will be given to show the influence of molybdic acid addition to fuller s earth, which was modified with minor amounts of MgO, ZnO, and Cr203. The experiments were made at 600 atm. pressure with bituminous-coal middle oil as feed. Figure 20 shows the splitting activ-... 

Fig. 20. Splitting rate with fuller s earth catalyst containing different amounts of molybdic acid. (Bituminous coal middle oil hydrogenated at 600 atm. pressure.)...

Figure 1 Space-time-yield (volume/volume reactor/100 hours) of gasoline and middle oil for brown and bituminous coals as a function of composition of starting coal. Data from continuous coal hydrogenation facilities operating in Germany during the 1930 s.

Let us take another example. At the U.S. Gulf Coast, the Pleistocene and the Upper Tertiary (Pliocene and Miocene) reach a thickness of more than 6000 meters. Nevertheless, the coaliflcation has only reached the stage of high volatile bituminous at this depth. This observation resulted from our studies of samples from a deep borehole located in Terrebonne Parish, La. By reflectance measurements on humic inclusions in claystones of the uppermost Middle Miocene encountered at a depth of 5440 meters, we obtained a mean value (under oil) of 0.95% reflectance, which is equivalent to the reflectance of vitrinites (out of deep boreholes) with 35-40% volatile matter (daf). On the other hand, we found low volatile bituminous coals (14-16% volatile matter, daf) at a depth of 5100 meters in a borehole in the Lower... 

Coal tar condensable distillate containing light, middle, and heavy oils obtained by carbonization of coal. About 8 gal of tar is obtained from each ton of bituminous coal. 

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