Bismuth titanium oxide

Bi40 2Ti3, Bismuth titanium oxide (Bi4Ti30,2). (12010-77-41,30 112... 

The surface-phase layers will difier in character depending on the stractures of metal and oxide. On certain metals (zinc, cadmium, magnesium, etc.), loose, highly porous layers are formed which can attain appreciable thicknesses. On other metals (aluminum, bismuth, titanium, etc.), compact layers with low or zero porosity are formed which are no thicker than 1 pm. In a number of cases (e.g., on iron), compact films are formed wfiicfi fiave a distorted lattice, owing to the influence of substrate metal stracture and of the effect of chemical surface forces. The physicochemical and thermodynamic parameters of such films differ from tfiose of ordinary bulk oxides. Because of the internal stresses in the distorted lattice, such films are stable only when their thickness is insignificant (e.g., up to 3 to 5 nm). 

Investigation of the sol-gel derived bismuih-molybdcnum-titanium xerogel and aerogel mixed oxide as catalyst for the oxidation of butadiene to furan l 14J 15] indicated activities and selectivities comparable to other suitable catalysts. The unique microstructure and good catalytic performance of the bismuth molybdenum oxide particles are attributed to lilania matrix. How ever, these favorable properties are limited to low temperature reaction conditions since both xerogels and aerogels are prone to rapid restructuring at elevated temperatures, which result in the loss of their unique redox properties. 

Nickel titanium oxide. See Nickel titanate Nickel titanium yellow. See Titanium nickel yellow Nitration benzene. See Benzene Nitric acid, bismuth (3+) salt. See Bismuth nitrate Nitric acid, magnesium salt Nitric acid, magnesium salt (2 1). See Magnesium nitrate... 

Colorants (organic dyes) must be approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the United States. So-called cream enamels contain insoluble organic dyes and titanium oxide or iron oxide a few soluble organic dyes are used to tint colorless polishes. The nacreous pigments guanine, bismuth oxychloride, or mica are added to pearlized polishes. 

Zinc oxide, bismuth oxide, titanium oxide Varistors... 

Iron zinc oxide (Fe29ZnQ 1O4), 30 127 [117004-16-7). Barium bismuth potassium oxide (Baa6BiKo.403), 30 198 [117314-29-1), Aluminum silicon sodium oxide (Al2Si5Na20 4), hydrate. 30 229 1118392-28-2). Cobalt sodium oxide (CoNsq J44) 74O2). 30 149 ) 118557-22-5), Calcium copper lead strontium yttrium oxide (Co5CujPb2Sr2Yo.50g). 30 197 ) 118955-75-2). Niobium titanium hydroxide oxide (NbTi(OH)04). 30 184 (120525-55-5). Boric acid (HjBOj). 

Some metals used as metallic coatings are considered nontoxic, such as aluminum, magnesium, iron, tin, indium, molybdenum, tungsten, titanium, tantalum, niobium, bismuth, and the precious metals such as gold, platinum, rhodium, and palladium. However, some of the most important poUutants are metallic contaminants of these metals. Metals that can be bioconcentrated to harmful levels, especially in predators at the top of the food chain, such as mercury, cadmium, and lead are especially problematic. Other metals such as silver, copper, nickel, zinc, and chromium in the hexavalent oxidation state are highly toxic to aquatic Hfe (37,57—60). 

Commonly, blends of organic pigments with suitable inorganic pigments are used, such as nickel titanium yellow, chrome titanium yellow, bismuth-molybdenum-vanadium-oxide, or iron oxide. 

A number of other metallic halide salts have been found to condense with ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, or epichlorohydrin in a similar fashion (Eq. 662). Among them are phosphorus trichloride/ 7- a 17 bismuth trichloride,1SM arsenic trichloride,1000 silicon tetrachloride/7 1 titanium tetrachloride/ 09 16,7 beryllium chlorido/189 and Won trifluoride.401 Depending on their reactivity, on the reactant ratio, and... 

To form a f-in.-diam. pellet of Bi4Ti30i2, a sample is first made by mixing 0.47 g. (1 mmole) of bismuth oxide and 0.12 g. (1.5 mmole) of titanium(IV) oxide. The mixture is pressed into pellets with a calorimeter pellet press. The pellets are placed in Alundum or zircon boats and heated at 700°C. for 4 hours. Then the pellets are ground, pressed again, and reheated at a temperature of 920°C. for one hour. 

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