Bismuth oxalate

Bismuth oxalate Bi3(C304>3 6691-66-6 682.018 wh powder IH,0, FtOH sdil... 

Sulphuric acid is not recommended, because sulphate ions have a certain tendency to form complexes with iron(III) ions. Silver, copper, nickel, cobalt, titanium, uranium, molybdenum, mercury (>lgL-1), zinc, cadmium, and bismuth interfere. Mercury(I) and tin(II) salts, if present, should be converted into the mercury(II) and tin(IV) salts, otherwise the colour is destroyed. Phosphates, arsenates, fluorides, oxalates, and tartrates interfere, since they form fairly stable complexes with iron(III) ions the influence of phosphates and arsenates is reduced by the presence of a comparatively high concentration of acid. 

Many other heterogeneous electrodes have been developed based on, e.g., calcium oxalate or stearate in paraffin, barium sulphate in paraffin or silicone-rubber, bismuth phosphate or iron(III) phosphate in silicone-rubber, caesium dodecamolybdophosphate in silicone-rubber and amminenickel nitrate in phenol-formaldehyde resin39 these permit the determination, respectively, of Ca and oxalate, Ba and sulphate, Bi or Fe(HI) and phosphate, Cs, Ni and nitrate, etc. 

Nitroparaffins Oxalic acid Oxygen Perchloric acid Inorganic bases, amines Silver, mercury Oils, grease, hydrogen, flammable liquids, solids or gases Acetic anhydride, bismuth and its alloys, alcohol, paper, wood, grease, oils... 

Working first with Polanyi, Weissenberg, and Brill, and later as the leader of the Textile Chemistry Section, Mark successively published papers on the crystal structures of hexamethylenetetramine, pentaerythritol, zinc salts, tin, urea, tin salts, triphenylmethane, bismuth, graphite, sulfur, oxalic acid, acetaldehyde, ammonia, ethane, diborane, carbon dioxide, and some aluminum silicates. Each paper showed his and the laboratory s increasing sophistication in the technique of X-ray diffraction. Their work over the period broadened to include contributions to the theories of atomic and molecular structure and X-ray scattering theory. A number of his papers were particularly notable including his work with Polanyi on the structure of white tin ( 3, 4 ), E. Wigner on the structure of rhombic sulfur (5), and E. Pohland on the low temperature crystal structure of ammonia and carbon dioxide (6, 7). The Mark-Szilard effect, a classical component of X-ray physics, was a result of his collaboration with Leo Szilard (8). And his work with E. A. Hauser (9, 10, 11) on rubber and J. R. 

Bismuth(III) oxide, Bi O is the compound produced by heating the metal, or its carbonate, in air. It is definitely a basic oxide, dissolving readily 111 acid solutions, and unlike the arsenic or antimony compounds, not amphiprotic in solution, although it forms stoichiometric addition compounds on heating with oxides of a number of other metals. It exists in three modifications, white rhombohedral, yellow rhombohedral, and gray-black cubical, Bismuth(II) oxide. BiO, has been produced by heating die basic oxalate. 

Other ingredients that may be found in smokeless powders include camphor, carbazole, cresol, diethyleneglycoldinitrate (DEGDN), dimethylse-bacate, dinitrocresol, di-normal-propyl adipate, 2.4-dinitrodiphenylamine, PETN, TNT, RDX, acaroid resin, gum arabic, synthetic resins, aluminum, ammonium chlorate/oxalate/perchlorate, pentaerythritol dioleate, oxamide, lead carbonate/salicylate/stearate, magnesium oxide, sodium aluminum fluoride, sodium carbonate/bicarbonate, petrolatum, dioctylphthalate, stannic oxide, potassium cyrolate, triphenyl bismuth. 

The sol-gel method has been conveniently employed for the synthesis of 123 compounds such as YBa2Cu307 and the bismuth cuprates. Materials prepared by such low-temperature methods have to be annealed or heated under suitable conditions to obtain the desired oxygen stoichiometry as well as the characteristic high Tc value. 124 cuprates, lead cuprates and even thallium cuprates have been made by the sol-gel method the first two are particularly difficult to make by the ceramic method. Coprecipitation of all the cations in the form of a sparingly soluble salt such as carbonate in a proper medium (e.g. using tetraethyl-ammonium oxalate), followed by thermal decomposition of the dried precipitate has been employed by many workers to prepare cuprates. 

Cerium (IV) in solution is obtained by treatment of Ce111 solutions with very powerful oxidizing agents, for example, peroxodisulfate or bismuthate in nitric acid. The aqueous chemistry of CeIV is similar to that of Zr, Hf, and, particularly, tetravalent actinides. Thus Ce gives a phosphate insoluble in 4 M HN03 and an iodate insoluble in 6 M HN03, as well as an insoluble oxalate. The phosphate and iodate precipitations can be used to separate Ce from the trivalent lanthanides. Ce is also much more readily extracted into organic solvents by tributyl phosphate and similar extractants than are the Lnm lanthanide ions. 

Uranium minerals may be obtained in solution, in a suitable condition for estimation, by the following process. The ore is dissolved in aqua regia, or, if necessary, fused with alkali bisulphate and extracted mth hot hydrochloric acid. After evaporation to drjmess, the residue is taken up with dilute hydrochloric acid, and the solution saturated with hydrogeir sulphide in order to remove any copper, lead, bismuth, arsenic, antimony, or any other metal yielding an insoluble sulphide. The filtrate is concentrated and treated with ammonium carbonate, which precipitates the carbonates of the alkaline earths, iron, and most of the rare earths. The filtrate is neutralised by hydrochloric acid, evaporated to dryness, and the residue ignited to drive off ammonium salts, and then redissolved in dilute acid. The remaining rare earths, and particularly thorium, are next precipitated by the addition of oxalic acid. The filtrate, which contains the uranium in the uranyl condition, may now be precipitated by any of the methods described above. 

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