Tin bis

In contrast, the lateral isomer is absent in the case of mono(tin) compound 97, whereas the X-ray structure of the bis(tin) complex 95 is consistent with the lack of any significant Sn H interactions, although the Cl group is in the trans position to the hydride. The X-ray structure of 97 (central isomer) is also classical, with the Sn-Cl rotated out of the bisecting plane, so that IHI is not possible. 

Slagt, V.F., van Leeuwen, P.W.N.M. and Reek, J.N.H. (2007) Supramolecular bidentate phosphorus ligands based on bis-zinc(ii) and bis-tin(lV) porphyrin building blocks. Dalton Trans., 2302-2310. 

On the basis of spectroscopic data and elemental analyses, the bis-tin adducts were characterized as containing the dianionic units, [cis-(Ph3Sn)2M-(CO)4]2 (Table VI), whereas [(Ph3Sn)3Cr(CO)4] was established to contain seven-coordinate chromium by a single-crystal X-ray study (100). The latter compound was the first seven-coordinate chromium complex to contain only monodentate ligands (Fig. 16). 

The selective oxidation of the secondary alcohol is performed by dropping a bromine solution on a mixture of (Bu3Sn)20 and the diol in CH2CI2. Although, no complete formation of bis-tin alkoxide is secured and the generated HBr—that may cause the hydrolysis of tin alkoxides—is not quenched, a useful yield of hydroxyketone is obtained. 

Some elements such arsenic (As), bismuth (Bi), tin (Sn) or selenium (Se) are difficult to reduce to atoms in a flame when in higher oxidation states. In order to measure these elements the sample is reacted with a reducing agent constituted by sodium borohydride or tin chloride in an acidic medium, just prior to analysis (Figure 13.11). A volatile hydride of the element is formed which is swept up by a make-up gas into a quartz cell placed in the flame of the burner. 

A number of interesting bis-iodonium acetylenes and bis-iodonium diynes were reported in the early 1990s. Reaction of bis-tin-acetylene 29 and bis-tin-diyne 31 with two equivalents of 7 in cold dichloromethane results in the formation of novel bis-iodonium ethyne 30 [24] and bis-iodonium diyne 32 [39], respectively [Eqs. (15), (16)]. 

Similarly, tethered conjugated as well as nonconjugated bis-iodonium diyne bistriflates 34, 35 [40], and ditosylates 36 [41], have been reported [Eqs. (17), (18)]. Reaction of the respective bis-tin-alkynes with two equivalents of 7 results in good to excellent yield of the corresponding bis-iodonium diynes 34-36. 

C54H4 aClaNiOaPaSaSna, Benzyltriphenylphosphonium bis(dithiooxalato)-nickel(II) - bis(tin(IV) chloride), 39B, 837 CsaHagClaNiOsPaSaSn, Benzyltriphenylphosphonium bis(dithiooxalato)-nickel(II) - tin(IV) chloride, 39B, 837 C54H52CU2N2P4S2 f M Dithiocyanatotetrakis(methyldiphenylphosphine)di-copper(I), 35B, 829... 

Reflow soldering involves the selective deposition of solder paste at termination pads or other features on printed wiring boards. Then, the electronic components and other devices are placed on the board, and the bond is completed by heating and melting the solder. The most common lead-free alternative alloys considered for solder paste are tin-silver (Sn-Ag), tin-silver-copper (Sn-Ag-Cu), and tin-silver-bismuth (Sn-Ag-Bi). Tin bismuth (SnBi), tin indium (Snin) and silver-fllled conductive epoxy are also considered for certain applications. 

A further improvement in platinum catalysis is claimed from use of tin(Il) haUde and phosphine ligands which are rigid bidentates, eg, l,2-bis(diphenylphosphinomethyl)cyclobutane (27). High rates for a product containing 99% linear aldehyde have been obtained. However, a pressure of 10 MPa (1450 psi) H2 CO is requited. 

Organomineral peroxides of antimony arsenic, boron, magnesium, tin, cadmium, lead, silicon, and 2inc have been prepared by autoxidation and some are Hsted in Table 3 (33,44,60,93,115). For example, dimethyl cadmium reacts with oxygen to form methylperoxy methyl cadmium [69331-62-0] and bis(methylperoxy) cadmium. 

A convenient synthesis of organochlorosilanes from organosilanes is achieved by reaction with inorganic chlorides of Hg, Pt, V, Cr, Mo, Pd, Se, Bi, Fe, Sn, Cu, and even C. The last compounds, tin tetrachloride, copper(II) chloride, and, under catalytic conditions, carbon tetrachloride (117,118), are most widely used. 

Mercaptides are unchallenged as the ligand of choice for the other entities bonded to the tin, but carboxylates can also be used. Whereas a variety of mercaptans are used, the thioglycolic acid derivatives remain the largest single mercaptan. Dibutyltin bis(isooctyl thioglycolate) [25168-24-5] and butyltin tris(isooctyl thioglycolate) [25852-70A] are two common examples. These materials are produced by the reaction of the appropriate alkyl tin chloride or oxide, and the mercaptan. 

The basic hydrolysis of tri alkyl tin haUdes and other salts forms bis(oxide)s since, except for trimethyl tin, hydroxides are unstable towards dehydration at room temperature. With tin aryl, aralkyl, and cycloalkyltin compounds, the hydroxides can be isolated. Although quite stable, they exist in mobile equiUbrium with the bisoxide and water and are easily dehydrated. Trimethyl tin hydroxide is exceptionally stable towards dehydration. 

The facile reaction of metallic tin in the presence of hydrogen chloride with acryUc esters to give high yields of bis( P-alkoxycarbonyleth5l)tin dichlorides is reported in References 115 and 116. This reaction proceeds at atmospheric pressure and room temperature and has been practiced commercially. Halogenostaimanes have been postulated as intermediates (105). 

Boron, as barium metaborate, is marketed as a mildew preventative for paints (273). Borax is used as a wood preservative, and an organic boron, 2,2 -(l-methyltrimethylenedioxy)-bis(4,4,6-trimethyl)-l,3,2-dioxaborinane (Biobor JF) [14697-50-80] is a biocide for jet fuel (274). Whereas tin metal is used to coat steel cans used as food containers, organic tin in the form of tributyl tin compounds have proven to be powerfiil antimicrobials, and have found use in antifouHng coatings for ship bottoms, paints, and wood preservatives (275). 

The ligand exchange reaction of tin halides with bis(trifliioroinethyl)iner-cury has been used to prepare trifluoromethyltin halides [6 7] (equation 5)... 

Bis(pentafluorophenyl)cadmium complexes have been used to prepare tri-methyl(pentafluorophenyl)tin [4 (equation 15)... 

Certain 1,5 diazabicyclo[3 3 0]oct-2-enes can be transformed unexpectedly into 4//-5,5-dihydro-l, 2 diazepines on heating [209] 1,5-Dipoles formed on heating of l,5-diazabicyclo[3 3 0]oct-2-enes [210] can be trapped with olefins to give [3+2] cycloadducts At elevated temperatures, they undergo a [3+2] cycloreversion Tins reaction sequence offers a simple route to dienes with interesting substitution patterns, for example, 1,1 bis(trifluoromethyl)-l,3-butadiene [211] The [3+2] cycloadducts that arise from the reaction of the 1,5 dipoles with acetylenes undergo... 

A redox process also occurs in the reaction of selenium diimides with bis(amino)stannylenes. Eor example, the cyclic stannylene McaSi)//-N Bu)2Su reacts in a 1 1 molar ratio with BuN=Sc=N Bu to give a spirocyclic tin complex, which reacts with a second equivalent of the stannylene to generate a Sn-Sn bond [d(Sn-Sn) = 2.85 A, /( Sn- Sn) = 13,865 Hz)] (Scheme 10.6). ... 

In either case the Pb contains numerous undesirable metal impurities, notably Cu, Ag, Au, Zn, Sn, As and Sb, some of which are clearly valuable in themselves. Copper is first removed by liquation the Pb bullion is melted and held just above its freezing point when Cu rises to the surface as an insoluble solid which is skimmed off. Tin, As and Sb are next removed by preferential oxidation in a reverberatory furnace and skimming off the oxides alternatively, the molten bullion is churned with an oxidizing flux of molten NaOH/NaN03 (Harris process). The softened Pb may still contain Ag, Au and perhaps Bi. Removal of the first two depends on their preferential solubility in Zn the mixed metals are cooled slowly from 480° to below 420° when the Zn (now containing nearly all the Ag and Au) solidifies as a crust which is skimmed off the... 

NaCl structure, superconductor below 3.5 K), SotAss (defect NaCl structure, superconductor below 1.2K). The many important industrial applications of dilute alloys of As, Sb and Bi with tin and lead were mentioned on pp. 370 and 371. 

Starnes and Plitz [51], in their studies of PVC stabilization with di( -butyl)tin bis ( -dodecyl mercaptide) or with mixtures of the mercaptide and di( -butyl)tin dichloride, found that the rate of dehydrochlorination was inversely related to the amount of sulphur content of approximately 0.9%. The following mechanism of allyl chloride substitution was proposed [Eq. (12)]. 

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