Amines bis

The much more reactive 2,3-dihydro-l,4-phthalazine 248, on reaction with five equivalents of benzylamine, HMDS 2, and (NH4)2S04 for 24 h at 160°C, furnishes the bis-aminated product 249 in 87% yield [27] (Scheme 4.26). 

The silylation-amination of 5,10-dihydroxy-l,4-dioxo-l,2,3,4-tetrahydroben-zo[g]phthalazine 281 for 27 h at 170 °C with excess N(2-aminoethyl)piperidine 282 and HMDS 2 proceeds with catalytic amounts of Ts0H-H20 to afford, via the activated persilylated intermediate in which the sensitive phenolic hydroxy groups are protected, the 1,4-bis-amine 283 in 67% yield. All conventional efforts with POCI3, PCI5, or SOCI2 to convert 281 into the corresponding 1,4-dichloro compound, to be followed by amination, resulted in failure [86] (Scheme 4.35). 

In the tris-pentafluorophenyl analog (TFPC), in contrast to other Co corroles, aromatic amines can substitute PPh3 to form six-coordinate trivalent bis(amine) complexes.788 Bis-chlorosulfon-ation of TFPC occurs regioselectively to give the 2,17-(pyrrole)-bis-chlorosulfonated derivative fully characterized as its triphenylphosphinecobalt(III) complex.789 The amphiphilic bis-sulfonic acid was also obtained. 

The configurations of bis-aminals 68 were determined by analysis of 13C NMR data <2002T5733>. One-, and two-dimensional homo-, and heteronuclear studies ( H, 13C, H- H COSY, HMQC, and HMBC) were conducted for the first time to determine the structures of three stereoisomeric 2-methylperhydro-93-azaphenalcnc alkaloids 45 <1999MRC60>. Complete assignment of H and 13C NMR spectra of compound 86, which is a derivative of 3, has been reported <2002T5733>. The 13C NMR spectrum of compound 98 is consistent with a Cz symmetry <1996JOC4125>. 

Macrocycles 69 were obtained in good yields by cycloalkylation of bis-aminals 67 and 68 in acetonitrile under basic conditions (Scheme 1) <1998TL6861, 2003T4573, 2005JOC7042>. The synthesis of 67 and 68 is described in Sections 12.19.5.4.3 and 12.19.5.3.4, respectively. 

Compounds 68 have been obtained by one-pot cyclization of acyclic tetraamine 122 with ct-dicarbonyl reagents. This synthesis is not stereoselective, providing a mixture of vicinal isomers cis/trans of the bis-aminal 68 (Equation 11) <1998TL6861, 2003EJ01050, 2003T4573, 2005JOC7042>. 

H3A1 NMe3,53 whose structure has been determined by X-ray diffraction.54 Since these initial studies, comparable reactions were observed for alanes, gallanes and indanes R3M (M = Al, Ga, In R = H, halogen) with amines and phosphines, yielding bis-amine, bis-phosphine and mixed amine/ phosphine adducts. Figure 13 presents the different coordination modes that have been observed so far. 

A similar approach was employed by Leigh [54] to prepare catenane 15 in one step by reacting bis(acid chloride) 11 with bis-amine 16 under high dilution conditions (see Scheme 10). 

Irradiation at 77 K in trichlorofluoromethane of cyclic tertiary amines also affords radical cations that can be trapped indefinitely. In these systems there apparently is no reaction between the radical cations and free amine. The EPR spectra of the radical cations were recorded. The cations produced under these conditions can be trapped indefinitely and do not undergo proton loss to give the corresponding carbon-centred radical. Several systems (20-24) were examined in this way and all were found to be stable. In the bis amine (22, n = 1) evidence was obtained from the EPR study that there was weak N-N interaction4. The influence of silicon in 25 was also examined16. 

Three versions of this concept have been used to prepare LB film containing MCs. In the first, pioneered by Fendler (13-16), a compressed Langmuir monolayer is used as a template for the preparation of Q-state particles. For instance, diffusion of H2S through a monolayer of dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (17) or a bis amine type surfactant (14) into a Cdz+ solution resulted in the growth of Q-state CdS under the monolayer. The vertical dipping technique (Fig. 3.5.2) was then used to transfer the monolayer, with associated semiconductor, to a substrate to give multilayer LB films. 

As commented above, gold(I) complexes with aliphatic amines are relatively unstable, but the use of disulfonylamides as counterions allows the synthesis of stable bis(amine)gold(I) cations [86]. Specifically, compounds with cyclohexylamine, benzylamine, 3-iodobenzylamine, morpholine, pyrrolidine, and piperidine as the amine ligands and bis(methanesulfonyl)amide, bis(p-chlorobenzenesulfonyl) amide, bis(p-iodobenzenesulfonyl)amide and o-benzenedisulfonylamide as the... 

Azomethines are colorless to pale-yellow, low-melting solids, which react with water to form benzylidene-bis-amines [Eq. (7)]. A variety... 

The [Cr(en)3]2+ and [Cr(pn)3]2+ salts have reflectance spectra (Table 11) resembling those of the hexaammines, and the six N donor atoms are assumed to complete tetragonally distorted octahedra around the metal. Stability constant measurements (Table 39) have shown that the ions [Cr(en)(aq)]2+ (vmax= 18 300 cm-1, e = 25 dm3 mol-1 cm-1) and [Cr(en)2(aq)]2+ (vma = 17 500 cm-1, e = 17 dm3 mol-1 cm-1) exist in aqueous solution, but that, as in the copper(II) system, the third ethylenediamine molecule is only weakly bound, and care is needed to prevent loss of en from tris(amine) complexes in the preparations. Several bis(amine) complexes, e.g. [CrBr2(en)2], have been isolated, and these are assigned trans structures because of IR spectral resemblances to the corresponding oopper(II) complexes. Since the spectrum of [Cr(S04)(en)2] also shows the presence of bidentate sulfate, this is assigned a trans octahedral structure with bridging anions. 

Chromium(II) complexes of bipyridyls, terpyridyl and the phenanthrolines have been discussed in Section 35.2.2.1. Complexes of the ligands 2-aminomethylpyridine (pic, 2-picolyl-amine) and 8-aminoquinoline (amq), which have one heterocyclic and one amino nitrogen donor atom, have been prepared by methods similar to those in Scheme 10. The bis(amine) complexes are typical high-spin, distorted octahedral complexes, and the mono(amine) complexes, from their antiferromagnetic behaviour and reflectance spectra, are six-coordinate, halide-bridged polymers (Table 15).103 No tris(amine) complexes could be prepared so the attempt to find spin isomeric systems in octahedral chromium(II) systems was unsuccessful ([Cr(en)3]X2 are high-spin and [Cr(bipy)3]X3 and [CrX2(bipy)2] low-spin). 

Bis-amine disulfides can serve as sulfur sources in a radical condensation with two equivalents of an alkyne. When a mixture of a bis-amine disulfide and phenylacetylene was heated in a Paar bomb for three hours at 140 °C, an 82% yield of a mixture of 2,5-diphenylthiophene (278 R1 = Ph, R2 = H) and 2,4-diphenylthiophene (279) was obtained. 2,4-Diphenylthiophene was the major product, constituting 85% of the mixture. When methyl propiolate was so treated, the only product was (278 R1 = C02Me, R2 = H) in about 48% yield. Similarly, methyl phenylpropiolate gave only (278 R1 = C02Me, R2 = Ph) in 67% yield. Thus there is a degree of regiospecificity to the reaction, and a radical mechanism which ultimately involves a polar [3 + 2] mechanism, as shown in Scheme 23, was proposed (77TL3413). 

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