Bipolar membrane parameters

The total costs of the electrodialytic water dissociation with bipolar membranes are the sum of fixed charges associated with the amortization of the plant investment costs and of the operating costs which include energy and maintenance costs and all pre- and post-treatment procedures. The total costs are a function of the membrane properties, of the feed-solution composition, the required acid and base concentrations, and several process and equipment design parameters such as stack construction and operating current density. 

Skin sites are preferably palmar or plantar, using bipolar or monopolar leads. SCR is largely determined by the low conductivity stratum corneum shunted by the high but very variable conductance contribution of the sweat content in the ducts in parallel (Boucsein, 1992 p. 59 Edelberg, 1968 Venables et al., 1980). Although SC mainly is a sweat duct—filling variable, the SP is a skin membrane parameter (Venables et al., 1967). 

HT-PEM fuel cells operate with phosphoric acid doped polymer membrane as electrolyte. The acid is physically adsorbed to the membrane. The phosphoric acid distribution within the fuel cell components, such as membrane, catalyst layers, microporous layer, gas diffusion layers, and bipolar plates, is known to be a critical parameter for performance and life time of this type of fuel cells [10]. There are no defined specifications about phosphoric acid uptake of the bipolar plate because its impact on the fuel cell performance strongly depends on several parameters and always has to be considered in a context of the overall fuel cell design. 

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