Biphasic interface formation

In heterogeneous liquid/liquid reactions, cavitational collapse at or near the interface will cause disruption and mixing, resulting in the formation of very fine emulsions. When very fine emulsions are formed, the surface area available for the reaction between the two phases is significantly increased, thus increasing the rates of reaction. The emulsions formed using cavitation, are usually smaller in size and more stable, than those obtained using conventional techniques and often require little or no surfactant to maintain the stability [8]. This is very beneficial particularly in the case of phase-transfer catalyzed reactions or biphasic systems. 

D.8.3. Cl Impurity. Trace amounts of chloride impurities, which may be present at levels between 0.1 and 0.5mol/kg, have significant effects on the physical properties of ionic liquids, such as viscosity and density. Increases in viscosity are of particular concern in biphasic processes because of the formation of emulsions that affect the interface between the two phases 88). 

Figure 4.9 (a) Formation of an interface in a biphasic system of two solvents as result of unbalanced forces at the boundary in contrast to (b) a single phase system of two solvents without any boundary as a homogenous mixture. 

Structure formation of polymer CM with low polymer content in the PE-P1 melt apparently takes the following path. Equilibrium phases a and (3 are nucleated during melt crystallization, although do not stratify fully with formation of a single interface because of high viscosity of the pol3uner system. Thus enriched by the polymer, the /3-phase approaches a solid body in its properties and forms a continuous porous matrix with the pol3uner-depleted a-phase. As a result, a gel structure typical of the biphasic polymer with characteristic deformation properties and inclination to syneresis is formed [70]. 

The adsorption of surfactant molecules at an interface decreases the interfacial tension. The decrease of the water-air interfacial tension explains the foaming property. The addition of a surfactant into a biphasic liquid system renders emulsion formation possible by the decrease of the liquid-liquid interfacial tension. Wetting and detergency are two important... 

Figure 8.1 (a) Formation of an interface in a biphasic system of two solvents as result of... 

Allan, K. S., Pilliar, R. M., Wang, J., Grynpas, M. D., and Kandel, R. A. 2007. Formation of biphasic constructs containing cartilage with a calcified zone interface. Tissue Eng. 13 167-177. 

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