Biotechnological production marine organisms

C. Ireland, D. Roll, T. Molinski, T. MeKee, M. Zabriske and J. Swersey, in Biomedical Importance of Marine Organisms, ed. D. G. Fautin, California Aeadeiny of Seienees, San Franeiseo, 1988, p. 41. C. Ireland, B. Copp, M. Foster, L. MeDonald, D. Radisky and C. Swersey, in Marine Biotechnology, vol. 1, Pharmaceutical and Bioactive Natural Products, ed. D. Attaway and O. Zaborsky, Plenum Press, New York, 1993, eh. 1, p. 1. 

In cases where environmental factors appear to influence the biosynthetic outcomes in a marine organism, it becomes desirable to comprehend how the biosynthetic pathway is regulated at the molecular level. The biosynthetic switching on and off of genes that express individual enzymes, when better understood, will also aid environmentally sound production of marine metabolites for pharmaceutical or biotechnological use. 

Schmitz, F. J., Bowden, B. F., and Toth, S. I., Antitumour and cytotoxic compounds from marine organisms, in Marine Biotechnology, Volume 1 Pharmaceutical and Bioactive Natural Products, Attaway, D. H. and Zaborsky, O. R., Eds., Plenum Press, New York, 1993, 197. 

Despite the number of opportunities that the tools of marine biotechnology provide for production of food ingredients, numerous challenges remain. In order to maximize profits in the production of marine-derived compounds, cultivation techniques for select marine organisms must be... 

More recently, a plethora of small companies and biotechnology ventures were established to handle biologies as well as natural products, many of them with proprietary screening platforms designed to make natural product screening more straightforward and quicker. Some developed proprietary collections of particular natural product sources for extract production such as organisms isolated from extreme environments, leaf litter, caves, unique water environments, and endophytes from marine and terrestrial plants. 

Liebezeit, G. (2005) Aquaculture of non-food organisms for natural substance production, in Marine Biotechnology II, Advances in Biochemical Engineering/Biotechnology 97 (eds Y. Le Gal and R. Ulber), Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 1-28. 

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