Biota macrophytes

The model applies equilibrium partitioning to estimate chemical concentrations in phytoplankton, macrophytes, zooplankton, and benthic invertebrates. Chemical concentrations in sediment and water, along with environmental and trophodynamic information, are used to quantify chemical concentrations in all aquatic biota. This model can be applied to many aquatic food webs and relies on a relatively small set of input parameters which are readily accessible. 

Lethal and sublethal effects of copper compounds are documented for selected species of aquatic biota, including algae, macrophytes, cnidarians, mollusks, arthropods, annelids, and fishes. 

Markich, S.J., A.R. King, and S.R Wilson. 2006. Non-effect of water hardness on the accumulation and toxicity of copper in a freshwater macrophyte Ceratophyllum demersum) How useful are hardness-modified copper guidelines for protecting freshwater biota Chemosphere 65 1791-1800. 

With the development of oil industry, the general environment and in particular wetland ecosystem has become extremely vulnerable to damaging effects of oil pollution. Contamination of aquatic environment by crude oil and petroleum products constitute an additional source of stress to aquatic organisms (Omoregie et ah, 1997) and is of importance to the wetland environment. Oil contaminated water resulted in water becoming unsuitable for the growth of macrophytes (Edema, 2006) only scanty data are available for levels of chemical pollution of aquatic plants since most studies of biota are concentrated in fish (FAO, 1993). 

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