Biosynthesis of Cutin

Fig. 7. Biosynthesis of cutin monomers, and the polymer from the monomers (inset, bottom left). ACP = acyl carrier protein...

Kolattukudy PE, Espelie KE (1985) Biosynthesis of cutin, suberin, and associated waxes. In Higuchi T (ed) Biosynthesis and biodegradation of wood components. Academic Press, New York p 161... 

Kolattukudy, P. E. Espelie, K. E. Biosynthesis of Cutin, Suberin and Associated Waxes In Biosynthesis and Biodegradation of Wood Components Higuchi, T., Ed Academic Press New York, 1985 pp. 161-207. 

The epoxy compounds formed via the peroxygenase reaction may then be hydrolysed by epoxide hydrolases that are an integral part of the peroxygenase pathway, forming di- or trihydroxy fatty acids. This pathway is of importance for plant defence as it is hkely to be involved in the biosynthesis of cutin monomers, in the production of antifungal compounds and in detoxification mechanisms [6]. 

Blee, E. and Schuber, F. Biosynthesis of cutin monomers involvement of a lipoxygenase/ peroxygenase pathway, The Plant Journal 4(1) (1993), 113-123... 

Components of membrane transformation systems include the nucleus with its DNA, nonhistone chromosomal proteins, and the derived informational molecules (e.g., mRNA) for protein synthesis. The mRNA moves into the cytoplasm through the transformation of membranes. For example, the rough endoplasmic reticulum contains ribosomal RNA with its templates for protein synthesis. The system evolves with cytoplasmic organelles and substrates to influence structure and function. During this process the vacuoles, microtubules, endoplasmic reticulum, subcellular organelles, and plasmalemma may release specific metabolic nitrogenous products (conjugates, enzymes) internally or externally. Some of these may be involves in the biosynthesis of cutin and suberin (76). 

Kolattukudy P E, Croteau R, Walton T J 1975 Biosynthesis of cutin. Enzymatic conversion of cu-hydroxy fatty acids to dicarboxylic acids by cell-free extracts of Vida faba epidermis. Plant Physiol 55 875-880... 

Kolattukudy P E, Walton T J, Kushwaha R 1971 Epoxy acids in the lipid polymer cutin and their role in the biosynthesis of cutin. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 47 1306-1313... 

Soliday C L, Kolattukudy P E 1977 Biosynthesis of cutin. cu-Hydroxylation of fatty acids by a microsomal preparation from germinating Vida faba. Plant Physiol 59 1116-1121... 

Epoxide hydrolases have been found in such plants as soy bean [40] or in nectarines and strawberries, where they play a crucial role in the enantioselective synthesis of lactone aroma compounds [55]. Furthermore, epoxide hydrolases are involved in the biosynthesis of cutin, a polyester found in the cuticle that forms the first physical barrier against plant infection [56]. It has also been proposed that epoxide hydrolases may be involved in the production of microbial toxins [57]. 

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