Macromolecular biosynthesis, effects

TNF-a elicits a wide range of responses in cells and tissues. Apart from causing the lysis of certain tumours (by mechanisms probably related to the ability of the target to induce the synthesis of the mitochondrial manganese-dependent superoxide dismutase, Mn-SOD), it can also kill normal cells. These effects on normal cells are more apparent when biosynthesis is blocked - for example, by the addition of inhibitors of macromolecular bio-... 

Protein polymers based on Lys-25 were prepared by recombinant DNA (rDNA) technology and bacterial protein expression. The main advantage of this approach is the ability to directly produce high molecular weight polypeptides of exact amino acid sequence with high fidelity as required for this investigation. In contrast to conventional polymer synthesis, protein biosynthesis proceeds with near-absolute control of macromolecular architecture, i.e., size, composition, sequence, topology, and stereochemistry. Biosynthetic polyfa-amino acids) can be considered as model uniform polymers and may possess unique structures and, hence, materials properties, as a consequence of their sequence specificity [11]. Protein biosynthesis affords an opportunity to completely specify the primary structure of the polypeptide repeat and analyze the effect of sequence and structural uniformity on the properties of the protein network. 

The effects of these analogs on the growth of tumor cells in vitro) and inhibition of macromolecular biosynthesis, as well as their therapeutic activity on syngenic mice with ascites L121P leukemia (in... 

Table II. Effects of Fluoro-Sugars on Macromolecular Biosynthesis in P288 Lymphoma Cells...

Identification of the functions of proteins and other polymeric complexes or cell proteomes, in which the achievements of proteomics contributes greatly, is the subject of intensive research [1], Modem technology now allows us to investigate not only individual protein molecules in living cell, but also to understand their interaction with other macromolecules and reveal their previously unknown functions. Several facts are determined participation of polyfunctional macromolecular protein complexes in the biosynthesis of fatty acids, involvement of erythrocyte membrane proteins macromolecular complexes in exchange of COJO, biological effects of some growth factors (polyfunctional proteins), which sometimes is achieved by interactions of other protein complexes, etc. [2-4],... 

Inhibition of protein, RNA, and DNA synthesis by herbicides has been the subject of numerous reports and reviews (see, e.g.. Refs. 3, 4, and 137-139). Inhibition of the biosynthesis of any of these macromolecules would lead to an effective and abrupt cessation of plant growth. However, with very few exceptions, the reports on herbicidal interference with protein and nucleic acid synthesis reflect secondary effects resulting from an effect at a target site elsewhere in the cell. For example, any interruption of the production of metabolic energy, as a result of respiratory uncoupling and/or inhibition, would lead to a rapid cessation of macromolecular synthesis. In several surveys of herbicide effects on C-labeled precursor incorporation into protein and RNA in excised plant tissues and isolated mesophyll cells, dinitrophenols and hydroxybenzonitriles were the most potent inhibitors (Section 5.1 see, e.g.. Refs. 138 and 140). 

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