Biorefineries pine biorefinery

Yoon S-H, Macewan K, ran Heiningen A. Hot-vrater pre-extraction from lobloUy pine (Pinus taeda) in an integrated forest products biorefinery. Tappi J 2008 7(6) 27—32. 

The Pine Biorefinery Platform Chemicals Value Chain... 

The Pine Biorefinery Piatform Chemicais Vaiue Chain 129... 

The Pine Biorefinery Piatform Chernicais Value Chain 135... 

Conventionally, woody trees were broadly classified as softwood or gymnosperm and hardwood or angiosperm. Hardwood comes from angiosperms, such as oak, eucalyptus, and alder, which are dicots (Octave and Thomas, 2009). Softwood usually comes from evergreen conifer trees like pine or spruce. Other classifications of forest-based plants are broad-leaved trees and pine-leaved trees. Almost 46% of biorefinery prefers raw materials from conifer species, mainly spruce, pine, etc., and 31% of broad-leaves such as eucalyptus. Mostly stem wood is preferred as a suitable feedstock for the biorefinery process. Approximately 8% of the known biorefinery processes utilize all parts of the tree (Fitzpatrick et al., 2010). Thus the consensus in the biorefinery industry is that the feedstock selection should be based on the main constituents of the wood (cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin) and not on specific chemicals (glucose, xylose, etc.) generally considered in conventional fermentation processes. 

Reza, M.T., et al., 2014c. Hydrothermal carbonization of loblolly pine reaction chemistry and water balance. Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery 4 (4), 311—321. 

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