Bioreductive technologies

More recently it has been suggested that bioreductive technologies may have applications in the treatment of other disease states. For example, it has been suggested that the essential role of hypoxia in rheumatoid arthritis offers opportunities to specifically deliver anti-inflammatory agents to arthritic joints using bioreductive prodrugs. 

Ona-Nguema, G., Abdelmoula, M., Jorand, F. et al. (2002) Iron(n,m) hydroxycarbonate green rust formation and stabilization from lepidocrocite bioreduction. Environmental Science and Technology, 36(1), 16-20. 

Much higher productivities can be obtained using isolated enzymes or cell extracts [118]. This approach is therefore highly preferred. Because of the importance of whole cell technology for biocatalytic reduction a few examples will be given. However the main part of this chapter will be devoted to industrial examples of bioreduction involving isolated enzymes and cofactor recycling. 

Rampling R, Cruickshank G, Lewis AD, Fitzsimmons SA, Workman P (1994) Direct measurement of pOz distribution and bioreductive enzymes in human malignant brain tumors. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 29 427-431 Reinhold HS (1971) Improved microcirculation in irradiated tumours. Eur J Cancer 7 273-280 Reinhold HS (1987) Tumour microcirculation. In Field SB, Franconi C (eds) Physics and technology of hyperthermia. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, Dordrecht, Boston, Lancaster, pp 448-457... 

There are currently three key areas of focus in the development of metal removal from solution. In order to best utilise the benefits from various bioprocesses a hybrid technology was proposed especially when dealing with real effluents. Such an approach would utilise various biotechnology-based processes (e.g. biosorption, bioreduction and bioprecipitation) along with other non-biotechnology based processes, e.g. chemical... 

When evaluating the commercial potential and feasibility of a biosorption application the following aspects should be considered assessment of the competing technologies (precipitation, reverse osmosis, ion exchange, and bioreduction), assessment of the market size and the cost of new biosorbents (including purchase/cultivation, pre-treatment and immobilisation). 

Brenna, E., Gatti, F.G., Monti, D., Parmeggiani, F., and Sacchetti, A. (2012) Productivity enhancement of C=C bioreductions by coupling the in situ substrate feeding product removal technology with isolated enzymes. Chem. Commun., 48, 79-81. 

Concurrent biooxidation and bioreduction using CRED technology. 

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