Bioreactors blood oxygenator

Bioreactors are the apparatus in which practical biochemical reactions are performed, often with the use of enzymes and/or living cells. Bioreactors that use living cells are usually called fermentors, and specific aspects of these are discussed in Chapter 12. Ihe apparatus applied to waste water treatment using biochemical reactions is another example of a bioreactor. Even blood oxygenators, that is, artificial lungs as discussed in Chapter 15, can also be regarded as bioreactors. 

It should be noted here that the bioartificial fiver device is not only a bioreactor but also a mass transfer device. The mass transfer of various nutrients from the blood into the liver cells, and also the transfer of many products of biochemical reactions from the cells into the bloodstream, should be efficient processes. In human fiver, the oxygen-rich blood is delivered via the hepatic artery, and bioartificial devices should be so designed that the oxygen can be easily delivered to the cells. 

BLSS The bioartificial hver support system is made up of a blood pump, a heat exchanger to control the blood temperature, as well as an oxygenator and a bioreactor. The hollow-fibre bioreactor generally contains 70—100 g of porcine hver cells. Initial experience with BLSS is encouraging. (92)... 

Work with these types of electrodes enables to achieve steady-state current conditions within a short time-period. Primarily proposed for monitoring and control of blood and tissue oxygen tension [10], the electrode systems with selective membranes were manufactured and used in continuous oxygen measurement in a wide variety of aqueous solutions [11]. The sensors of this type, called Clark electrodes, are described in chapter 6 of this volume. Improvements designed for continuous monitoring in industrial bioreactors may be found in section 6 of chapter 3. The most important feature of the membranes used in these sensors is their selectivity which prevents poisoning the electrode system and deteriorating the adherent electrolyte solution. 

Heart muscle is grown in bioreactors that pulse the liquid growth medium through the chamber under high-oxygen tension. Blood vessels are grown... 

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