Biomedical relevance

Instead, this review seeks to cover less well-known and newly emerging aspects of metal-nucleobase chemistry. In addition to biomedical relevancies, nucleic acid chemistry offers a paradigm for organizing molecules via base pairing. Combining the hydrogen bonding... 

Fisher, G. L., Biomedically Relevant Chemical and Physical Properties of Coal Combustion Products, Environ. Health Perspect., 47, 189-199 (1983). 

Nucleic Acids. - Recent EPR studies of radical attack and formation upon DNA are reported elsewhere in this volume, by Sevilla and Becker, and therefore will not be described here in any detail. Findings of particular biomedical relevance include the spin trapping of radicals resulting from the decomposition of chloramines formed in the reaction of HOC1 with polynucleosides, RNA and... 

G. Tovar describes one of the novel chemical applications of modern colloidal systems by using such miniemulsions (in addition to classical suspension polymerization) for molecular imprinting. Here, the stable nanoreactor situation is used to synthesize particle surfaces with molecular sized cavities for biomedically relevant species or species to be separated from each other. Such receptor sites are nowadays preferentially made by the pathways of modern colloid chemistry. 

All human cystatins are assumed to have major biological roles as inhibitors of one or more target proteases of human and/or nonhuman origin. Identification of target proteases of biomedical relevance is, however, difficult. Only few examples of clear-cut identifications of target proteases for inhibitors are known, and these identifications usually rely on experiments by Nature and not by Man. Two examples are the identifications of granulocyte elastase as a target enzyme... 

Biomedical Relevance of Capsaicin-Induced Trigeminal Responses... 

There has been increasing interest in plants as heterologous expression systems, especially for production of biomedically relevant proteins (Koprowski and Yusibov, 2001 Peeters et al, 2001). Plants have several advantages for producing therapeutic proteins, including the lack of contamination with mammalian pathogens, ease of genetic manipulations, eukaryotic protein modification machinery, and economical production systems. 

TABLE 24 Effect of pH on the Uptake of Two Biomedically Relevant Solutes by a Commercial Activated Carbon ... 

Saavedra JE, Booth MN, Hrabie JA, Davies KM, Keefer LK. 1999. Piperazine as a linker for incorporating the nitric oxide-releasing diazeniumdiolate group into other biomedically relevant functional molecules. J. Org. Chem. 64 5124-31... 

In the following section of hands-on examples for imaging of biopolymers, we discuss a broad range of topics without going into further detail regarding the biological or biomedical relevance of the samples discussed as this is beyond the scope of... 

As seen in the sections above, several of the diarylheptanoids of Types I, n, and V have been reported to exhibit various types of biological activities. Most of these studies have been performed on biomedically relevant targets in vitro (e.g. protein kinase C [14], LPS-activated macrophages [22], CC14-challenged hepatocytes [10], but in vivo anti-inflammatory effects have also been demonstrated for some compounds [3, 17]. Toxic effects on parasites, such as nematodes [6,27] and trypanosomatids [8] have also been recorded for the first time. 

Protein solution depletion via adsorption on finely divided substrates is quantitative, but applicability to low surface area materials of biomedical relevance is often minimal. Adsorption of radiolabeled macromolecules is... 

Huang, L.E. and H.F, Bunn (2003). Hypoxia-inducible factor and its biomedical relevance. J. Biol. Chem. 278, 19575-19578. 

While both of these areas are the classical realm of Advances in Polymer Science we see the strong emergence of another area in the last 100 Volumes biomedically relevant polymers. This includes synthesis of biocompatible polymers, polymeric drugs, apphcation and evaluation of polymers in the medical field and in bioengineering which are summarized in well over 40 reviews. 

Some representative biomedically relevant examples of condensation polymerization strategies will be illustrated in the following subsections. 

Lyklema J (1985) Interfacial electrochemistry of surfaces with biomedical relevance. In Surface and interfadal aspects of biomedical polymers, p 293 Jacobasch HJ, Bobeth W (1975) Das Papier 29 555 Harlow E, Lane D (1989)... 

Our work is mainly focused on colloidal PEC particles, which are prepared by mixing polycation and polyanion solutions in nonstoichiometric ratios [10-15], and on exploring their potential to interact in a useful manner with pharmaceutically and biomedically relevant compounds. The main issues of our research are reproducibility in the preparation protocol, uniformity of size and shape, conservation of colloidal stability after binding of compounds and the interaction with surfaces. In typical PEC systems, standard cationic and anionic PELs and PELs of natural origin (e.g., polypeptides, polysaccharides, and their modified analogues) are combined. 

Data evaluation First, the signal detected during analysis needs to be evaluated in terms of structure determination of unknown components, and identification and quantitation of various known (or presumably present) components— this is an integral part of the analytical process. Second, the results obtained this way have to be evaluated in terms of biomedical relevance. The latter involves mathematical or statistical procedures, often referred to as chemometrics. To be efficient, a joint etfort of chemists, biochemists, analytical specialists, statisticians, and medical doctors is required. It is highly advantageous that these specialists communicate efficiently and have at least a superficial knowledge of each other s specialty. 

The development and iimovative application of efficient and sensitive spectroscopic and optical techniques for studying biomedically relevant molecules and materials, structures and processes both in vitro and in vivo is a field of rapidly growing interest. 

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