Biomarkers 13-glucuronidase

Serum (3-glucuronidase activity was increased in a dose-related manner when disulfoton was given intraperitoneally to rats (Kikuchi et al. 1981). In the same study, this effect was not observed in mice, rabbits, or guinea pigs. This enzyme appears to be a useful biomarker of hepatic function in rats exposed to disulfoton, but may not be a useful biomarker in humans. 

Little attention has been paid to the analysis of biomarkers of BZ. A method for detecting BZ, benzilic acid and 3-quinuclidinol in urine, isolated the metabolites (at different pH values) by SPE (Ci 8 for BZ and benzilic acid, Florisil for 3-quinuclidinol) (Byrd et al, 1987, 1988). They were converted to their trimethylsilyl derivatives and analyzed by GC-MS. Urine was pretreated with glucuronidase, although there was no evidence for the formation of glucuronide conjugates. LODs were in the range 0.5-5 ng/ml. LC-MS-MS methods are currently being developed. 

A novel biomarker of OP insecticide exposure, egasyn, is an accessory protein of glucuronidase (BG) in the liver micro-somes (Swank and Paigen, 1973). Mcdda et al. (1987) reported that egasyn has esterase activity and it is one of the carboxylesterase (CarbE) isozymes. Later, Hosokawa and coworkers (1987, 1990) purified three CarbE isozymes (RLl, RL2, and RHl) from rat liver microsomes, and ega,syn was identified as RL2 isozyme. In 1998, Satoh and Hosokawa proposed a new das.sificalion of CarbE isozymes based on the molecular homology of the individual esterase isozymes. 

Inayat-Hussain, S., Lubis, S.H., Sakian, N.I.M., et al., 2007. Is plasma p-glucuronidase a novel human biomarker for monitoring anticholinestrease pesticides exposure A Malaysian experience. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 219, 210-216. 

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