Biologies mechanical properties

Modifications of the wood surface can be performed by various physical, mechanical and chemical treatments. Chemical treatments especially are performed in order to enhance the dimensional stability, but also for amelioration of physical and mechanical properties or a higher resistance against physical, chemical and biological degradation. 

Table 13 Mechanical Properties of Flax Fiber Reinforced Biologically Degradable Polymers (BDG) [72]...

There is the microtoming optical analysis test. In this procedure thin slices (under 30 tixri) of the plastics are cut from the product at any level and microscopically examined under polarized light transmitted through the sample. Rapid quality and failure analysis examination occurs by this technique. This technique has been used for many years in biological studies and by metallurgists to determine flaws, physical and mechanical properties. Examination can be related to stress patterns, mechanical properties, etc. 

Materials used in body implants must meet several essential requirements such as tissue compatibility, enzymatic and hydrolytic stability. They must also be chemically resistant and have good mechanical properties. They must not be toxic, or the surrounding tissue will die. They must be resistant to the body fluids which usually have a high percentage of chloride ions. They must be biologically active if an interfacial bond is to be achieved. In some cases, they must be able to withstand continued high mechanical stresses for many years. 

Gosline, J.M., Lillie, M., Carrington, E., Gerette, P., Ortleppa, C., and Savage, K., Elastic proteins Biological roles and mechanical properties, Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Land. B Biol. Set, 357, 121-132, 2002. Weis-Fogh, T., A rubber like protein in insect cuticle, J. Exp. Biol., 37, 887-907, 1960. 

Denny, M.W., Silks—their properties and function, in The Mechanical Properties of Biological Materials, Vincent, J.F.V. and Currey, J.D. (Eds.), Symposia of the Society for Experimental Biology no. 34, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1980, 247-272. 

As described above, protein domains that provide discrete biological cues (e.g., cell binding) or mechanical properties (e.g., expansion or contraction with temperature changes) can be borrowed from nature and designed into synthetic polypeptides or joined with other polymers to provide bio-inspired function in new... 

Tse JR, Engler AJ (2010) Preparation of hydrogel substrates with tunable mechanical properties. In Bonifacino JS (ed) Current protocols in cell biology. Wiley, Somerset... 

These sol-gel-derived nano-hybrids have a potential to show flexibility and bioactivity. As the biological and mechanical properties of nano-hybrids can be tailored by selecting the combination of the organic and inorganic components, these nano-hybrids may be a useful design to obtain flexible and bioactive bone-repairing materials. 

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