Biologically induced corrosion

Dexter, S. C. (ed.). Biologically Induced Corrosion, Proceedings of the International Conference on Biologically Induced Corrosion, National Association of Corrosion Engineers, Houston, Texas, 1986. 

Oxidation of a metal or alloys to its (lower energy state) oxides or cations. In effect, the wastage or other damage to a metal caused by one or more of several types of chemical or electrochemical reactions. Takes many forms such as galvanic, crevice, pitting, underdeposit, and biologically induced corrosion. 

Typically a limit of, say, 2.0 ppm total iron is set for the maximum permitted in a system, but this usually has more to do with the tolerance of ongoing corrosion processes than with an effort to prevent problems occurring in the first place due to the presence of incoming iron. Where iron is present in cooling water, not only can it form a precipitated sludge and foul the system but also it can cause both electrochemical and biologically induced corrosion processes to occur. 

Pitting corrosion is a general term that can be considered a visible sign of the results of concentration cell corrosion and of further induced-corrosion processes such as when chloride attack occurs. Although pits can also occur with acid corrosion, etc., under-deposit corrosion, of course, can also involve direct metal surface attack, from, say, biologically induced corrosion (but that is discussed separately). 

Additional forms of corrosion such as galvanic corrosion and biologically induced corrosion may also be involved. 

R.G. Worthingham, T.R. Jack and V. Ward, Biologically Induced Corrosion, NACE, 1986,... 

Hamilton, W.A., Maxwell, S., Biological and Corrosion Activity of SRB in Natural Biofilms, Proceedings of Biologically Induced Corrosion, NACE International, pp. 131-136, 1986. 

P. F. Sanders, W. A. Hamilton, Biological and corrosive activities of sulfate-reducing bacteria in industrial process plant. Biologically Induced Corrosion, No. 47, NACE International, Houston, Tex., 1986. 

WA Hamilton, S Maxwell, Proceedings of Biologically Induced Corrosion, NACE International, p.l31, 1986. 

A.K. Tiller. A review of the European research effort on microbial corrosion between 1950 and 1984. In Biologically Induced Corrosion, D.C. Dexter (Ed.), NACE-8, NACE, Houston, TX, 1986. 

Pope, D. H., Discussion of Methods for the Detection of Microorganisms Involved in MicrobiologicaUy Influenced Corrosion, Biologically Induced Corrosion—Proceedings of the International Conference, NACE International, 1986, p. 275. 

S7] Westlake, D. W. S., Semple, K. M., and Obuekwe, C. O., Corrosion by Ferric Iron Reducing Bacteria Isolated from Oil Production Systems, Proceedings, Biologically Induced Corrosion,... 

Biologically Induced Corrosion. Proc. Int. Conf., Gaitlersbury, Nat. Ass. Corrosion Eng., University of Delaware (1983)... 

Tiller AK (1986) Review of the European Research Effort on Microbial Corrosion between 1950 and 1984. In Biologically induced corrosion. Dexter DC (ed) NACE-8, NACE Houston, Texas USA... 

J. W. Costerton and G G Geesey, The microbial ecology of siuface colonization and of consequent corrosion, Proceedings Biologically Induced Corrosion (S. C. Dexter, ed.), NACE-8, Houston, 1986, pp. 223-232. 

Moosavi AN, Dawson JL, King RA (1986) The effect of sulfate-reducing bacteria on the corrosion of reinforced concrete. In Dexter SC (ed) Biologically induced corrosion proceedings of the international conference on biologically induced corrosion. National Association of Corrosion Engineers, Houston, pp 291-308... 

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