Biological time

Nitrate has been described as a biological time bomb . Those who enjoy their doom and gloom will be pleased to hear that there may be two such bombs, one with a physical clock and one with a biological clock. Both can be studied with the aid of computer models. 

If there is a biologically timed bomb, it must lie in the accumulation in the soil s organic matter of nitrogen that will be released as nitrate by microbes at some unknown time in the future. The calculations made in the previous section suggest that, when nitrogen fertilizer is given in excess of the needs of the crop, a... 

The implications and applications of frozen cells stem, therefore, from the fact that storage temperatures of-130 °C to -196 °C effectively stop biological time. The problem is how to get cells down to these temperatures and later return them to normal temperatures without killing them. 

Half-time, Biological—Time required for an organ, tissue, or the whole body to eliminate one-half of any absorbed substance by regular processes of elimination. This is the same for both stable and radioactive isotopes of a particular element, and is sometimes referred to as half-time, symbolized as tbiol or Tb. 

Dunlap JC 2003 Molecular biology of circadian pacemaker systems. In Dunlap JC, Loros JJ, Decoursey P (eds) Chronobiology biological timing. Sinauer Assoc, Sunderland MA,... 

Winfree, A. T. (1980). The geometry of biological time. Springer, New York. 

All scientists agree that chemistry is the basis of life and with that preamble it seems almost certain that the first cells one sees in the Hadean stones are the first ones on earth their ancestors were the heat- and light-driven bio-reactors. The Darwinians see the same cells but because the (in principle unprovable) single origin is a creed of the model, they postulate that a single ancestor must have lived much earlier and mutated into all of the cells that are visible at this horizon. At this point the old hypothesis is defeated by the researchers in planetary sciences who do not see any biology-time before the time of the first massive invasion of the earth crust by cells. The hell fire of global accretion was too close for descent with variation . 

To analyze the spectral composition of the pressure variations in more detail we have made use of a wavelet approach [9]. This approach, which allows us to determine instantaneous values of the frequencies and amplitudes of the various oscillatory components, is particularly useful for biological time series that often are neither homogeneous nor stationary. 

Hochachka, P.W. and M. Guppy (1987). Metabolic Arrest and the Control of Biological Time. Cambridge, MA Harvard University Press. 

Hochachka, P.W., and M. Guppy (1987). Metabolic Arrest and the Control of Biological Time. Cambridge Harvard University Press. Hochachka, P.W., and P.D. Mottishaw (1998). Evolution and adaptation of the diving response Phocids and Otariids. In Cold Ocean Symposia, pp. 391 431, ed. H.O. Portner and R.C, Playle, Cambridge Cambridge University Press. Hochachka, P.W., and G.N. Somero (1984). Biochemical Adaptation. Princeton Princeton University Press. 

Winfree The Geometry of Biological Time (Second Edition)... 

The uniqueness of the ferritin structure arises from the metabolic requirement to organize and utilize dissolved iron at concentrations and pH levels that induce precipitation of potentially toxic solid phases. Not only is iron solubilized by micelle encapsulation, but homeostatic control is also maintained. The study of ferritin therefore provides an important example of biological control of solid state reactions that involve the formation and organization of nanometer-size inorganic solids in biological time and space. 

Thode, H.G., Macnamara, J. and Fleming, W.H., 1953. Sulfur isotope fractionation and geological and biological time scales. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 3 235—243. 

Winfree, A. T. (1980) The Geometry of Biological Time (Springer. New York). Winfree, A. T. (1984) The prehistory of the Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction. J. Chem. 

The question that is posed by Vernadsky may be formulated as follows does the irreversibility which is apparently an essential attribute of biological time also apply to the time of inert matter We can consider some more questions in cormection with this problem. If the laws of physics are symmetrical in relation to, time but the laws of biology are not, then do we have a basis to declare that there are two parallel times in the universe If this question nevertheless in consideration of the wholeness of the universe sounds absurd, then what is the cause of this apparent double-temporality ... 

---