Biological sulfate reduction

Janssen, G. M. C. M., and Temminghoff, E. J. M., 2004, In situ metal precipitation in a zinc-contaminated, aerobic sandy aquifer by means of biological sulfate reduction. Environ. Sci. Technol. 38 4002-4011. 

Canfield oceans entail globally widespread anoxic and sulfidic marine environments, whereby the sulfide comes from biological sulfate reduction, the... 

To summarize then, several lines of evidence suggest that biological sulfate reduction was an early evolutionary development and we may, with some confidence, conclude that it has been a significant geochemical factor throughout most of the geological record. 

An important consequence of biological sulfate reduction is the precipitation of metals as sulfides. This reaction has probably had significant effects on the geochemistry of sulfur and the formation of metal sulfide deposits. 

Skyring, G.W. and Chambers, L.A. (1976) Biological sulfate reduction in carbonate sediments of a coral reef. Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 27, 595-602. 

For the treatment of battery pastes, which are a mixture of PbS04, Pb02, PbO and metallic lead, a sulfidisation process has been proposed, converting all lead components into PbS, which can then be subjected to ferric fluoborate leaching as above. Sodium sulfide can be used for this step but involves a complex procedure for its recovery. Alternatively, a biological sulfate reduction process developed by PAQUES Biosystems of the Netherlands has been applied (Olper et al, 2000). 

Stams AJM, Huisman J, Garcia Encina PA, Muyzer G (2009) Citric acid wastewater as electron donor for biological sulfate reduction. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 83 957-963... 

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