Biological macromolecules nucleic adds

Table III attempts to summarize at what level of biological complexity the various mechanisms occur. Electrolytes display only the y-dispersion characteristic of water. Biological macromolecules in water add to the water s Y-dispersion a 6-dispersion. It is caused by bound water and rotating side groups in the case of proteins, and by rotation of the total molecule in the case of the amino acids and, in particular, proteins and nucleic acids add further dispersions in the 6 and a-range as indicated. Suspensions of cells free of protein would display a Maxwell-Wagner 6-dispersion and the Y-dispersion of water.

Cyclic or ring molecules occur in a wide range of polymers, including linear and nonlinear polymers prepared by condensation or by ring-to-chain equilibratton reactions. Cyclics also occur in many biological macromolecules, sometimes in the form of loops as in certain proteins and nucleic adds. 

Naturally there are, and not only when it pertains to the historical framework, still many open questions. For example on which level is the handedness or chirality of biological macromolecules determined We know that aU proteins, as long as they are produced through the information-guided synthesis apparatus of the cell, exclusively use left-handed amino adds and therefore bmld left turned structures. In the case of the nucleic... 

Nucleic adds - Macromolecules, the major organic matter of the nuclei of biological cells, made up of nucleotide units, and hydrolyzable into certain pyrimidine orpurine bases (usually adenine, cytosine, guanine, thymine, uracil), D-ribose or 2-deoxy-D-ribose. [5]... 

A wide variety of biological macromolecules, particularly proteins and nucleic adds, have become the subject of intense biochemical and research interest. The separation and purification of these macromolecules is of primary importance in any study and should also form the basis for subsequent preparative-scale separations. 

Macromolecules such as proteins and nucleic acids form the sites at which drugs interact. Knowledge of three-dimensional conformations assists in the design of analogues that are more potent and have improved pharmacokinetic properties. Furthermore, the structural analyses of protein receptors and enzymes adds to the knowledge of biological systems, and therefore assists in identifying novel... 

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