Historical framework

Now, let me go back to a few historical notes arbitrarily selected, with the aim of illustrating the historical framework (see also Luisi, 1998). Only the naturalistic view of life, excluding the creationistic or transcendental view will be considered. Let s start with the German biologist and philosopher Friedrich Rolle who noted a long time ago (1863) ... 

The schemes described in this section are the historical framework for the schemes and the classification proposed in the remainder of this work. Moreover, some of their components are reused in the new constructions. Therefore, this section does not only describe specifications, although those would be sufficient to delimit the new ideas, but contains sketches of some constructions, too. 

Naturally there are, and not only when it pertains to the historical framework, still many open questions. For example on which level is the handedness or chirality of biological macromolecules determined We know that aU proteins, as long as they are produced through the information-guided synthesis apparatus of the cell, exclusively use left-handed amino adds and therefore bmld left turned structures. In the case of the nucleic... 

Smardon, R. (2009). Sociocultural and cultural-historical frameworks for science education. In W.-M. Roth K. Tobin (Eds.), The world of science education Handbook of research in North America (The World of Science Education, Vol. 1, PP- 15-25). Rotterdam, The Netherlands Sense Publishers. 

In this part of the chapter we introduce some contextual background to achievement and inclusion by placing these ideas in a broader educational, social and historical framework. We present a more detailed examination of current definitions and interpretations in the following two chapters. We have used the term education for all as a motif here because it represents an aspiration which seems to be universally accepted and yet in practice is fraught with complications. In 1948 the United Nations Declaration of Universal Human Rights identified education as a fundamental right for all children. However, even now interpretations of both education and all children vary across countries and time. 

Casimir, M. J., and A. Rao. 2003. The Historical Framework of Nomadism in South Asia A Brief Overview. In Nomadism in South Asia, edited by A. Rao and M. J. Casimir, 43 80. Oxford in India Readings in Sociology and Social Anthropology. New Delhi Oxford University Press. 

Fowles, S. 2002. From Social Type to Social Process Placing Tribe in a Historical Framework. In The Archaeology of Tribal Societies, edited by W. Parkinson, 13-33. Ann Arbor, MI International Monographs in Prehistory. 

Microporous inorganic materials dominated historically by the 2eohtes and alumosilicates, and the great variety of more recent nonoxide and coordination framework materials should also be mentioned here (171—174) but not discussed in detail. This type of molecular recognition is usually known as molecular sieving. 

In Europe, the formation of the European Economic Community has created a requirement to bring food additive approvals of the member nations into alignment, so as to eliminate differences in laws that hinder the movement of foodstuffs among these nations. Historically the member countries have differed widely in approaches to food additive approval and their tendency to approve new additives. At the time of this writing, a framework directive for food additives and several specific directives for various categories of additives are nearing completion (3). 

Historically azeotropic distillation processes were developed on an individual basis using experimentation to guide the design. The use of residue curve maps as a vehicle to explain the behavior of entire sequences of heterogeneous azeotropic distillation columns as weU as the individual columns that make up the sequence provides a unifying framework for design. This process can be appHed rapidly, and produces an exceUent starting point for detailed simulations and experiments. 

Mainly for considerations of space, it has seemed desirable to limit the framework of the present review to the standard methods for treating correlation effects, namely the method of superposition of configurations, the method with correlated wave functions containing rij and the method using different orbitals for different spins. Historically these methods were developed together as different branches of the same tree, and, as useful tools for actual applications, they can all be traced back to the pioneering work of Hylleraas carried out in 1928-30 in connection with his study of the ground state of the helium atom. 

Historical Background.—Relativistic quantum mechanics had its beginning in 1900 with Planck s formulation of the law of black body radiation. Perhaps its inception should be attributed more accurately to Einstein (1905) who ascribed to electromagnetic radiation a corpuscular character the photons. He endowed the photons with an energy and momentum hv and hv/c, respectively, if the frequency of the radiation is v. These assignments of energy and momentum for these zero rest mass particles were consistent with the postulates of relativity. It is to be noted that zero rest mass particles can only be understood within the framework of relativistic dynamics. 

A number of conceptual frameworks were set up for comparative analysis and synthesis of country data. These included spheres of regulation, historical development and stmcture-process-outcome of regulation. 

The XtraFOOD model was developed within the framework of a research project initiated by the Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO) [69]. The model calculates transfer of contaminants in the primary food chain (Fig. 8). In the project, the transfer model was coupled with historical food consumption data to estimate human exposure to contaminated food products. The model focuses on the terrestrial food chain. The XtraFOOD model consists of three modules, which are inter-linked ... 

The Physical Framework and Historic Human Influences in the Ebro River... 

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