Biological cells Lyses

A cell subjected to a stress of any kind can potentially exhibit a wide range of responses. Severe stress may lead to cell death and, ultimately, to cell lysis imposition of less severe conditions may result in a metabolically perturbed system, which may either revert to its initial state or adapt in some way to the imposed conditions. Figure 10 shows a hypothetical scheme, presented by Prokop and Bajpai [12], for the signal-response cascade associated with hydrodynamic shear stress. The signal reception/transduction mechanisms are, as yet, poorly understood. While Fig. 10 can be applied to any biological system, Namdev and... 

Golay J, Zaffaroni L, Vaccari T et al. Biologic response of B lymphoma cells to anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody rituximab in vitro CD55 and CD59 regulate complement-mediated cell lysis. Blood 2000 95 3900-3908. 

Although oxygen radicals are destructive to islet cells, the inability of nicotinamide, Probucol, and other free radical scavengers to completely prevent cytokine mediated islet destruction suggests that other cytotoxic mechanisms may be involved in cytokine-induced islet-cell lysis. The possible interactions of superoxide with nitric oxide resulting in the generation of peroxynitrite and hydroxyl radicals may contribute to islet-cell lysis. The chemistry of these free radical interactions, and potential biological roles t)f these toxic radicals are reviewed in this book (see Chapter 1). 

There are several methods of cell lysis (Table 8.2) [1,2], but there is none that works with cells of all biological origins. Each technique has its advantages and disadvantages, and the specific method of choice depends on the cell characteristics, the cell type, and the final application. A combination of more than one method may also be used. For example, enzymatic lysis uses specific enzymes to target the cell wall. However, to disrupt the cytoplasmic... 

The major biological activity attributed to IFNy is enhanced antigen presentation. This activity is effected by the induction of MHC class II antigens on a variety of cells, including epithelial, endothelial, and connective tissue cells, and monocytes (B32, P16, S51, V7). IFNy also acts as a macrophage activating factor (A6, YIO) and synergizes with TNF to effect tumor cell lysis and inhibit cell proliferation (S6). 

Membrane permeant peptide Gationic peptides capable of breaching the biological membrane without causing cell lysis. 

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