Biological applications electrophoresis

H. Watzig, M. Degenhardt, and A. Kunkel, Strategies for capillary electrophoresis Method development and validation for pharmaceutical and biological applications, Electrophoresis, 19, 2695 (1998). 

Watzig, H., Degenhardt, M., and Kunkel, A. (1999). Strategies for capillary electrophoresis method development and validation for pharmaceutical and biological application. Electrophoresis 19, 2695-2742. 

Cuzman, N.A. Stubbs, R.J. The Use of Selective Adsorbents in Capillary Electrophoresis-Mass Spectrometry for Analyte Preconcentration and Microreactions A Powerful Three-dimensional Tool for Multiple Chemical and Biological Applications, Electrophoresis 22, 3602-3628 (2001). 

Ekstrom, S., Nilsson, J., Helldin, G, Laurell, T., and Marko-Varga, G, Disposable polymeric high-density nanovial arrays for matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry II. Biological applications. Electrophoresis, 22, 3984—3992, 2001. 

Zone electrophoresis is mostly used for biological applications. Peptide separation and the measurement of protein fractions from blood serum (proteinogram of albumin and o-, (3- and 7-globulins) are among the better known applications. This TLC for biochemists is useful for the separation of polysaccharides, nucleic acids (for DNA sequencing), proteins and other colloidal species. 

Capillary gel electrophoresis has been employed both for molecular biology applications, such as PCR product analysis and antisense gene therapy, and for protein chemistry applications such as protein separations. 

B19. Bours, J., Zauzig, H. D., and Rink, M., The crystallin composition of bovine lens epithelium, equator and nucleus, in relation to aging A comparison of isotachophoresis, isoelectric focusing and antigen/antibody crossed electrophoresis. In Biochemical and Biological Applications of Isotachophoresis (A. Adam and C. Schots, eds.), pp. 207-220. ELsevier, Amsterdam, 1980. 

There have been numerous advances in both the understanding and applications of electric potentials to separations in recent years. Electrophoresis has been met with skepticism as an industrial unit operation (56,57), but recent applications would suggest a rebirth of interest in the potential of these systems, especially in biological applications. 

Biological Applications of Pulsed Field Gradient Gel Electrophoresis... 

Explain what is meant by electrophoresis, and outline some biological applications. 

An important application of the preceding material is to the determination of the molar mass of biological macromolecules. Electrophoresis is the motion of a charged species, such as DNA and ionic forms of amino acids, in response to an electric field. Electrophoretic mobihty is a result of a constant drift speed, so the mobility of a macromolecule in an electric field depends on its net charge, size (and hence molar mass), and shape. 

Watanabe, T. et al., Separation and determination of yellow and red Safflower pigments in food by capillary electrophoresis, Biosci. Biotech. Biochem., 61, 1179, 1997. Fekrat, H., The application of crocin and saffron ethanol-extractable components in formulation of health care and beauty care products. Proceedings of International Symposium on Saffron Biology and Biotechnology, Fernandez, J.A. and Abdullaev, R, Eds., Albacete, Spain, 2004, p. 650. 

---