Biological and Environmental Aspects

The lower trialkyItin compounds are able to inhibit mitochondrial, oxidative phosphorylation (471,477) and, therefore, disrupt the funda- 

In the case of simple amino acids and dipeptides, esterification of the carboxyl groups occurs on heating in toluene with the appropriate bis(triorganotin) oxide or triorganotin hydroxide (481, 482), the water being removed azeotropically. 

The resulting derivatives, unlike most organotin carboxylates, are hydrolyzed relatively readily in air. An X-ray crystallographic study (399) showed that trimethyltin glycinate has an intermolecularly associated, polymeric structure, with bridging amino groups. 

In trimethyltin acetate, however, bridging occurs through the carboxy-late group (355), as described in Section III. An X-ray study of the di- 

On a macromolecular scale, trialkyltins are known to bind to a number of proteins (see Table III). 

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Fowler BA. 1983. Biological and Environmental Aspects of Arsenic. Amsterdam Elsevier. 

CaryEE. 1982. Chromium in air, soil and natural waters. In Langard S, ed. Topics in environmental health 5 Biological and environmental aspects of chromium. New York, NY Elsevier Biomedical Press, 49-64. 

Langard S. 1982. Absorption, transport and excretion of chromium in man and animals. In Langard, ed. Biological and environmental aspects of chromium. Elsevier Biomedical Press, 149-169. 

Biosynthetic studies, unlike the other studies, have not been pursued, possibly because of the technical difficulties of working with an aquatic plant that does not grow well in unnatural conditions. The chemotaxonomy of the genus Nuphar has been reviewed (2, 3). Biological and environmental aspects of Nuphar species have been discussed in a number of publications. 

Betina V Mycotoxins Chemical Biological and Environmental Aspects. Amsterdam, Elsevier, 1989. 

Betina, V. Mycotoxins — Chemical, Biological and Environmental Aspects. Elsevier, Amsterdam 1989. 

Excellent reference works on the biological and environmental aspects of chromium have been edited by Langird (1982), the World Health Organization (WHO, 1988) and Nriagu and Nieboer (1988). 

Throughout the book boxed essays highhght the importance of chemistry to our everyday fives. The Chemistry and Life boxes focus on biological and environmental aspects of chemistry. The Chemistry Put to Work boxes illustrate the large industrial role chemistry plays in modern society. Strategies in Chemistry boxes, like this one, are meant to help you think about the material you are learning. Finally, boxes entitled A Closer Look provide in-depth coverage of a key chemical concept. 

Betina, V. (1989). Mycotoxins Chemical, biological, and environmental aspects. Vol. 9. Elsevier, ISBN 0444988858, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. 

Betina V (1989) Mycotoxins, chemicals, biological and environmental aspects. Elsevier, Amsterdam/Oxford/New YorkTTokyo... 

This chapter is intended to provide a unified view of selected aspects of the physical, chemical, and biological properties of the actinide elements. The f block elements have many unique features, and a comparison of the lanthanide and actinide transition series provides valuable insights into the properties of both. Comparative data are presented on the electronic configurations, oxidation states, redox potentials, thermochemical data, crystal structures, and ionic radii of the actinide elements, together with a miscellany of topics related to their environmental and health aspects. Much of this material is assembled in tabular and graphical form to facilitate rapid access. Many of the topics covered in this chapter, and some that are not discussed here, are the subjects of subsequent chapters of this work, and these may be consulted for more comprehensive treatments. This chapter provides a welcome opportunity to discuss the biological and environmental aspects of the actinide elements, subjects that were barely mentioned in the first edition of this work but have assumed great importance in recent times. 

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