Biogenic organics chemistry

Atkinson, R. and Arey, J. Atmospheric chemistry of biogenic organic compounds, Acc. Chem. Res., 31(9) 574-583,1998. 

Gas-phase chemistry in remote areas is, in most cases, analogous to that in more polluted regions. The major difference is in lower NOx emissions and hence concentrations. In addition, in continental regions, there are substantial emissions of biogenic organics, many of which are highly reactive toward OH, 03, N03, and Cl atoms and in oceanic regions, dimethyl sulfide (DMS), which reacts with OH, N03, and Cl atoms. 

Atkinson, R., and J. Arey, Atmospheric Chemistry of Biogenic Organic Compounds, Accounts Chem. Res., 31, 574-583 (1998). 

Gagosian, R. B. and Lee, C. (1981). Process controlling the distribution of biogenic organic compounds in seawater. In Marine Organic Chemistry (E. K. Duursma and R. Dawson, eds.). Elsevier, New York, pp. 91-123. 

We will not attempt to cover the specific mechanisms and complex biochemistry of calcification in different organisms, which have been reviewed in numerous articles (e.g., Degens, 1976 Watabe, 1981 Chave, 1984 Lowenstam and Weiner, 1989). Instead we will concentrate on observations of how biogenic carbonates reflect environmental conditions. These observations can be divided into the major areas of mineralogy, stable isotope ratios, and trace component concentration. The stable isotope and trace component chemistries have received substantially more attention during the last 25 years than has mineralogy. Inorganic phases are also discussed in this section as a means of comparison with skeletal materials. 

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