Biogenic electrophoresis

Chen Z, Wu J, Baker GB, Parent M, Dovichi NJ. 2001. Application of capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection to the determination of biogenic amines and amino acids in brain microdialysate and homogenate samples. J Chromatogr A 914(1—2) 293-298. 

Several analytical techniques including capillary electrophoresis, thin layer chromatography (TLC), GC, lEC, and HPLC, have been proposed for the determination of biogenic amines in various foods. Among these, RP-HPLC is considered the most suitable one. HPLC methods used for amine determination usually involve two steps amine extraction from the matrix and analytical determination. Depending on the complexity of food matrix and the selectivity of the final analytical determination, a further purification step may be necessary prior to the analytical determination. To ensure adequate sensitivity, a derivatization step is generally required before injection [282]. 

Lange, J., Thomas, K., and Wittmann, C. (2002). Comparison of a capillary electrophoresis method with high-performance liquid chromatography for the determination of biogenic amines in various food samples. /. Chromatogr. B. 779, 229-239. 

Liu X, Yang LX, Lu YT (2003) Determination of biogenic amines by 3-(2-furoyl) quinoline-2-carboxaldehyde and capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection. J Chromatogr A 998(1—2) 213—219... 

In recent years there has been a growing interest in the use of electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) either as a stand-alone technique, or following an analytical separation step like CE, to study and measure a wide variety of compounds in complex samples such us foods (Simo et al. 2005). ESI provides an effective means for ionising from large (e.g., proteins, peptides, carbohydrates) to small (e.g., amino acids, amines) analytes directly from solution prior to their MS analysis without a previous derivatization step. Santos et al. (2004) proposed the use of CE-ESI-MS for the separation and quantification of nine biogenic amines in white and red wines. More recently, the possibilities of two different CE-MS set-ups, namely, capillary electrophoresis-electrospray-ion trap mass spectrometry (CE-IT-MS) and capillary electrophoresis-electrospray-time of flight mass spectrometry (CE-TOE-MS) to analyze directly biogenic amines in wine samples without any previous treatment has been studied (Simo et al. 2008). 

Kovaks, A., Simon-Sarkadi, L. Ganzler, K. (1999). Determination of biogenic amines by capillary electrophoresis. J. Chromatogr. A, 836, 305-313. 

Santos, B. Simonet, B.M., Rios, A. Valcarcel, M. (2004). Direct automatic determination of biogenic amines in wine by flow injection-capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry. Electrophoresis, 25, 3427. 

Simo, C., Moreno-Arribas, M.V. Cifuentes, A. (2008). Ion-trap vs. Time-of-flight mass spectrometry coupled to capillary electrophoresis to analyze biogenic amines in wine. J. Chromatogr. A, 1195, 150-156. 

Wang et al. (1994) reported on the use of capillary zone electrophoresis for the routine determination of biogenic amines in fresh fish samples. They obtained electrophoregrams of fluorescamine-derivatized histamine. 

Beard, N. R, Zhang, C-X., and deMello, A. J. In-column fleld-amplified sample stacking of biogenic amines on microfabricated electrophoresis devices. Electrophoresis 24, 732, 2003. 

Chemical Cytometry oe Proteins, Biogenic Amines, and Metabolic Cascades by One-and Two-Dimensional Capillary Electrophoresis... 

We have developed two-dimensional CE systems for the characterization of proteins and biogenic amines. The use of this technology for chemical cytometry is similar to the use of onedimensional electrophoresis a cell is aspirated into the column, lysed, and its components labeled with FQ. For two-dimensional electrophoresis, components are separated based on CSE in the first-dimension capillary. Fractions are then transferred across an interface to a second capillary, where they undergo additional separation based on micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MECC) before detection by fluorescence. The voltage drop across the first capillary is set to zero during the second dimension separation, holding components stationary. In a typical experiment, 300 fractions are transferred between capillaries under computer control. 

Garcia-Villar, N., Saurina, J., and Hernandez-Cassou, S., Capillary electrophoresis determination of biogenic amines by field-amplified sample stacking and in-capillary derivatization. Electrophoresis, 27, 474, 2006. 

Male, K. B., and Luong, J. H. T., Derivatization, stabilization and detection of biogenic amines by cyclodextrin-modified capillary electrophoresis-laser-induced fluorescence detection, J. Chromatogr. A, 926, 309,2001. 

Beard, N. R, and de Mello, A. J., A polydimethylsiloxane/glass capillary electrophoresis microchip for the analysis of biogenic amines using indirect fluorescence detection. Electrophoresis, 23, 1722, 2002. 

Ruiz-Jimenez, J., and Luque de Castro, M. D., Pervaporation as interface between solid samples and capillary electrophoresis. Determination of biogenic amines in food, J. Chromatogr. A, 1110, 245, 2006. 

Mohna, M., and Silva, M., In-capillary derivatization and analysis of amino acids, amino phospho-nic acid-herbicides and biogenic amines by capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detechon. Electrophoresis, 23, 2333, 2002. 

Pumera, M., Flegel, M., LepSa, L., and Jelfnek, I., Chiral analysis of biogenic DL-amino acids deriva-tized by urethane-protected a-amino acid N-carboxyanhydride using capillary zone electrophoresis and micellar electrokinetic chromatography, Electrophoresis, 23, 2449, 2002. 

Beard, N.P, Edel, J.B., and deMello, A.J., Integrated on-chip derivatization and electrophoresis for the rapid analysis of biogenic amines. Electrophoresis, 25, 2363-2373, 2004. 

Kvasnicka, R, Voldfich, M. (2006). Determination of biogenic amines by capillary zone electrophoresis with conductometric detection. Journal of Chromatography A, 1103,145-149. http //dx.doi.Org/10.1016/j.chroma.2005.11.005. 

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