Biofuels life cycle analysis

Mosier, A.R. Crutzen, P.J. Smith, K.A. Winiwarter, W., 2009 Nitrous Oxide s Impact on Net Greenhouse Gas Savings from Biofuels Life-Cycle Analysis Comparison , in International Journal of Biotechnology, 11 ... 

Kaltschmitt, M., Reinhardt, G. A., and Stelzer, T. (1997). Life cycle analysis of biofuels under different environmental Aspects. Biomass Bioenergy 12,121-134. 

Davis, S.C., Anderson-Teixeira, K.J., and DeLuda, E.H. (2009) Life-cycle analysis and the ecology of biofuels. Trends Plant Set, 14 (3), 140 146. Online available http / /www.life.illinois.edu/deluda/ Davis%20Ufe%20Cyde.pdf. 

Economic studies on the production of biobutanol from corn determined that distillation recovery of butanol from the dilute ABE fermentation broth is not economical comparing to the butanol production from the current petrochemical route (Ezeji et al., 2007c). However, the life-cycle analysis on the corn-based butanol production indicated that the use of corn-based butanol as a biofuel can lead to substantial fossil energy savings relative to the use of conventional petroleum gasoline, and it can also avoid a large amount of GHG emission burdens (Wu et al., 2008). 

Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy. 2007- Valencia, CA American Sdentilic Publishers (1556-6560). Online at http //www.aspbs.com/jbmbe/ (1556-6579). Publishes research on biobased polymers and blends, biobased composites and nanocomposites, biobased materials processing technologies, life-cycle analysis, social and environmental impacts, and biofuels. 

Wang, M., Huo, H., Arora, S., 2011. Methods of dealing with co-products of biofuels in life-cycle analysis and consequent results within the U.S. context. Energy Policy 39,5726-5736. 

Rocha MH, Capaz RS, Lora EES, Nogueira LAH, Leme MMV, Ren6 MEG, et al. Life cycle assessment (LCA) for biofuels in Brazilian conditions a meta-analysis. Renewable Sustainable Energy Rev September 2014 37 435-59. 

These indicators are a shortlist of the sustainability issues related to biofuels production and not all of them can be estimated with current life-cycle assessment (LCA) methodologies. For instance, none of the LCA studies discussed in the Uterature included ILUC (indirect land-use change that may displace existing agricultural activity) in the analysis (Humalisto, 2015). This specific problem remains a major unsolved factor for the assessment of the carbon footprint of biofuels as it is tightly Unked to deforestation, which endangers the local habitats and biodiversity. 

An abridged analysis as presented above, yielding N/C ratios to indicate whether biofuels are GHG-positive or GHG-negative, can not replace a full life cycle assessment. In recent years, a number of such assessments have become available... 

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