Biodegradability composting

Keywords Antibiotics, Biodegradation, Composting, Emerging contaminants, Sludge treatment... 

Narayan R (2001) Drivers for biodegradable/compostable plastics and role of composting in waste management and sustainable agriculture. Bioprocess Solid Waste Sludge 1(1)... 

Except for the optical presentation and the resulting need for printability, biodegradable carrier bags have to fulfill very similar requirements to biodegradable compost bags. 

De Wilde B (2008) Lecture Bioplastics-Biodegradability-Compostability What is it What is it not on September, 3th, 2008 in Madrid... 

There are a certain number of norms in existence, such as the American norm ASTM D-5488-94d, or the European harmoiuzed standard EN 13432, giving defiiutions for terms such as biodegradable, compostable and others which are widely used - and sometimes incorrectly - as an argument in favor of the use of so-called enviromnentally friendly materials. 

It should be noted that biodegradation/composting represents only one end-of-life scenario for these materials. As is hue of most polymers, they ate, of course, recyclable. 

Mater Bi Grade YlOlU, biodegradable, compostable, containing starch and cellulose derivatives, for rigid and dimensionally stable injection moulded items, from Novamont S.p.A. 

It is then taken for granted that beside the biodegradable/compostable polymeric materials and relevant plastic manufactures, whatsoever the raw material used in their production, either fossil fuel feedstock or agro-industrial waste, it is necessary that plastic commodities massive utilization derived from fossil fuel feedstock that... 

Ecomann Polyhydroxy aUcanoate Shenzhen Eicomann Biodegradable compostable... 

The Promise of Bioplastics -Bio-Based and Biodegradable- Compostable Plastics... 

Biodegradable-compostable plastics - these are plastics designed to be completely... 

Hydiaspun technology patented by Ahlstrom and Ecoflex- a fiilly biodegradable, compostable polyest developed by BASF are just two exanqiles of a number of biod radable products available on Ae market. 

G.J. Edgington and C.M. Ryan, Biodegradable/compostable hot melt adhesives comprising polyester of lactic acid, US Patent 5 700 344, assigned to H. B. Fuller Licensing Financing Inc. (St. Paul, MN), December 23,1997. 

Degradable Polymers Council, SPFs Degradable Polymers Council Recognizes Standards for Biodegradable/Compostable Plastic Bags, press release, Washington, D.C., February 13, 1998. 

Bhat, G.S. Rong, H.M. and Mclean, M., Biodegradable/Compostable Nonwovens from Cotton-based Compositions , INTC 2003 Proceedings, Baltimore, Maryland, September 15-18, 2003. 

Rong, H.M., Structure and Properties of Cotton-based Biodegradable/Compostable Nonwovens , Thesis, University of Tennessee, 2004. 

Rong, H.M. and Bhat, G.S., Preparation and Properties of Cotton-Eastar Biodegradable/ compostable Nonwovens , Proc. Nonwovens Conference Beltwide 2003, Nashville, TN, January 6-10, 2003. 

WO Patent 2002053376, Breathable, biodegradable/compostable laminate for disposable personal care product , Tsai, Fu-Jya Daniel Balogh, Bridget A, 2002. JP Patent 2002035037, Biodegradable sanitary products containing galactomannan-based water absorbents , Kawanaka, Satoshi Ueda, Atsuko Miyake, Munehiro, 2002. 

It has to be mentioned that the Italian law now stipulates that once bags are used for the collection of organic waste, such bags have to be biodegradable/compostable. 

In order to avoid any misuse of the term biodegradable/compostable (and the subsequent introduction into the system of bags that are not truly and effectively compostable), an ancillary requirement should always stipulate that bags must comply with the EU standard, European Norms, EN 13432. 

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