Biocompatibility implants

Research Focus Synthesis of polyvinyl(2-hydroxyl-pyrrolidine)-carbazole esters for use in contact lenses and in biocompatible implants. 

Cooper et al. (2) prepared polyvinylpyrrolidine alcohol and then crosslinked it with pentaerythritol tetrathioglycolate for use as biocompatible implants. 

Stiff lightweight structures such as aircraft wings are made from sandwiches of continuous sheets filled with foams or honeycombs. Open porous structures can form frameworks for infiltration by other materials leading to application of biocompatible implants. Open pore structures are used as supports for catalysts. 

In many practical applications, e.g., in the food industry or in the creation of biocompatible implants, it is very important to know the adsorption behavior of multicomponent protein mixtures. Adsorption from mixtures usually proceeds as a competitive process, and all the above-mentioned factors influence relative preference in adsorption of various proteins. In general, it was found that certain proteins may be enriched at the interface, relative to the others [8,59-61 J. Mixtures containing two or three proteins have been used as simple models of complex biological fluids, like plasma [59,60,133] or milk... 

Calcium phosphate with an apatitic structure occurs naturally in the human body and can be described as a calcium deficient carbonate-hydroxylapatite. The chemical similarity of hydroxylapatite to the bone mineral suggests an intrinsic biocompatibility. Implantation of solid blocks of hydroxylapatite has revealed direct bonding to soft tissue (Jansen et al. 1985, Aoki et al. 1987), muscle tissue (Negami 1988) and bone tissue. This aspect of being able to create an artificial material, that provokes excellent tissue response, has provided the impetus for development of hydroxylapatite and other apatites for applications in the body. 

The natural nanofibrils of BNC are biosynthesized in the form of a strong gel comprising up to 99% water. It seems inexpedient to destroy this gel to obtain a flowable dispersion since this process requires high energy consumption. Currently, the BNC gel is applicable in medicine and veterinary science as biocompatible implants. 

BIOVERIT II is a biocompatible glass-ceramic with lower bioreactivity than BIOVERIT I. Animal experiments have demonstrated that intergrowth occurs without causing any adverse reactions and that the biocompatible implant is covered with epithelium. Intergrowth takes place as if the implant were part of the body. 

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