Bioavailability formulation factors

In the mid-70s, it was a generally expressed opinion that there could be as many as 100 formulation factors that might affect bioavailability or bioequivalence. In fact, most of the documented problems centered around the use of the hydrophobic magnesium stearate as a lubricant or use of a hydrophobic shellac subcoat in the production of sugar-coated... 

Formulation factors affecting the oral bioavailability from conventional dosage forms such as solutions, suspensions, emulsions, capsules and tablets are described here. 

Name the formulation factors affecting oral bioavailability. 

Formulation factors affecting oral transmucosal bioavailability 175... 

FORMULATION FACTORS AFFECTING ORAL TRANSMUCOSAL BIOAVAILABILITY... 

Describe the formulation factors that may affect nasal bioavailability. 

Formulation factors affecting ocular bioavailability on topical application... 

Fig. 2 Summary of processes involved following the oral administration of a drug in tablet or capsule form. (From Blanchard, J. Gastrointestinal absorption. II. Formulation factors affecting bioavailability. Am. J. Pharm. 1978, 150, 132-151.)...

Phase II studies, especially Phase Ilb studies, often require more-sophisticated formulations than those used in dose tolerance studies. However, it may be unwise to commit to a particular formulation strategy until after the clinical dose range is known. Therefore, formulations used in Phase II may not be as pharmaceutically elegant as marketed formulations. However, because bioavailability depends on formulation factors as well as intrinsic properties of the drug, bioavailability studies are conducted early in drug development to guide formulation development, establish the absolute or relative bioavailability of formulations used in clinical safety and efficacy studies, and determine the effect of food on bioavailability. 

ABSTRACT. Cyclodextrins are applied to facilitate formulation problems, to improve stability and bioavailability Following factors are determining whether or not cyclodextrins can be applied in oral pharmaceutical preparations ... 

Topical preparations, like all other dosage forms, must be formulated, manufactured, and packaged in a manner that assures that they meet general standards of bioavailability, physical (physical system) stability, chemical (ingredient) stability, freedom from contamination, and elegance. Like all other pharmaceuticals, these factors must remain essentially invariant over the stated shelf life of the product and they must be reproducible from batch to batch. 

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