Bioalcohols ethanol

Recent studies have demonstrated the use of oleic acid as an efficient substrate for production of biodiesel by esterification using lipase. Mulalee et al. (2013) studied the production of biodiesel from oleic acid and bioalcohols (ethanol and butanol) using immobilized lipase (Novozym 435) as biocatalyst in a batch esterification process. The optimal conditions were 45 C, oleic acid to alcohol molar ratio of 1 2, Novozym 435 loading at 5% based on oleic acid weight and 250 rpm, in which the free fatty acid conversion at 91.0% was obtained after 12 hours of the reaction. 

The alcohols that can be used for motor fuels are methanol (CH3OH), ethanol (C2H5OH), propanol (C3H7OH), and butanol (C4H,OH). However only the first two of the alcohols are technically and economically suitable as fuels for internal combustion engines (ICEs). Main conunercial bioalcohols from renewable feedstocks are bioethanol and biomethanol in the world s energy market. 

Liquid biofuel is usually bioalcohol such as ethanol and biodiesel and virgin vegetable oils. E85 is a fuel composed of 85% ethanol and 15% gasoline that is currently being sold to consumers in the United States. The European Union plans to add 5% bioethanol to Europe s petrol by 2010. 

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